减氮配施生物炭对连作草莓生长发育及果实产量品质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen reduction and biochar on strawberry growth and fruit quality under continuous cropping

作　　者：张镇武 方英姿 吴慧欣 马玲 李国祥 邢承华 ZHANG Zhenwu;FANG Yingzi;WU Huixin;MA Ling;LI Guoxiang;XING Chenghua(JinHua University of Vocational Technology,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321000,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321000,China;Jiande Shanwan Family Animal Husbandry Co-Operative Society,Hangzhou 311605,China)

机构地区：[1]金华职业技术大学,浙江金华321000 [2]浙江省农作物收获装备技术重点实验室,浙江金华321000 [3]建德市山湾人家畜牧专业合作社,杭州311605

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2024年第8期1329-1338,共10页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31101599);金华市科技项目(2022-2-028和2023-3-163)。

摘　　要：为探究氮肥减量配施生物炭对连作草莓生长以及果实品质影响,以‘红颊’草莓为试材,选择连作8年的草莓大棚,试验设置了6组处理:对照(CK,N0)、常规施氮(210 kg·hm^(-2),N100)、减氮20%(168 kg·hm^(-2),N80)、减氮20%+3%生物炭(N80+BC),减氮40%(126 kg·hm^(-2),N60)和减氮40%+3%生物炭(N60+BC),生物炭添加量为3%(6.3 kg·hm^(-2)),比较不同处理对草莓生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明:随着氮肥施用量的减少,草莓生长期内株高、地上地下部分干重和鲜重、叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、叶片根系全氮含量、叶片根系GDH、GS、GOGAT活性、单株产量、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、维生素C含量均逐渐降低。然而减氮后配施生物炭明显提高了以上指标,N80+BC处理相较于N80处理在草莓营养生长期、开花坐果期、果实采收期的株高、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重、叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、叶片全氮含量、根系全氮含量、叶片GDH、GS、GOGAT、GS活性均提高;单株产量提升了95.06%;可溶性固形物提升了22.63%;总糖含量提升了7.47%;维生素C含量提升了5.68%。N80+BC处理与N100处理相比以上指标无显著差异。由此可见,在草莓连作条件下,施用生物炭可以提高草莓产量品质的同时减少氮肥施用量,实现草莓栽培过程中氮肥管理的“减量增效”。In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on the growth and fruit quality of continuous cropping strawberry,'Red Cheek'strawberry(Fragaria×anansissa)was used as the experimenta material in the strawberry greenhouses with eight years of continuous cropping.And the experiment was set up with six groups of treatments:control(CK,N0),conventional nitrogen application(210 kg·hm^(-2),N100),20%nitrogen reduction(168 kg·hm^(-2),N80),20%N reduction+3%biochar(N80+BC),40%N reduction(126 kg·hm^(-2),N60),40%N reduction+3%biochar(N60+BC),and 3%biochar addition(6.3 kg·hm^(-2)).The effects of different treatments on strawberry growth and development and fruit quality were compared.The results showed that with the reduction of N fertilizer application,the plant height,dry and fresh weight of above and below ground parts,net photosynthetic rate of leaves,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,total nitrogen content of leaf and root,GDH,GS,GOGAT activities of leaf and root,yield per plant,soluble solid content,total sugar content and vitamin C content of strawberry gradually decreased,but the N reduction and the application of biochar significantly improved the above indexes.Compared with N80 treatment,the plant height,fresh weight of above ground part,fresh weight of underground part,net photosynthetic rate of leaves,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,total nitrogen content of leaves,total nitrogen content of roots,GDH,GS,GOGAT and GS activities of leaves in N80+BC treatment were increased at nutritive growth stage,flowering and fruiting stage and fruit harvesting stage.The yield per plant increased by 95.06%;soluble solid content increased by 22.63%;total sugar content increased by 7.47%;vitamin C content increased by 5.68%.There was no significant difference in the above indexes between N80+BC treatment and N100 treatment.Therefore,the application of biochar could improve the quality of strawberry and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied under the condit

关 键 词：生物炭 氮肥减量 草莓 产量品质 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]