企业研发经费的就业效应——基于制造业资本品上下游行业的空间计量分析  

Employment Effect of Enterprise R&D Expenditure:Spatial Econometric Analysis Based on Upstream and Downstream of Capital Goods in Manufacturing Industry

作　　者：杜剑[1] 于鑫 DU Jian;YU Xin

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学会计学院 [2]贵州财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2024年第10期102-114,共13页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“财政政策与货币政策促进高质量就业的协同机制研究”(项目编号:22&ZD091)。

摘　　要：加大企业研发经费(R&D经费)投入会对就业产生何种影响是非常值得关注的问题。本文首先建立了基于研发而形成的资本品上下游行业模型,从理论上分析企业R&D经费对就业的影响。然后,基于我国2012—2021年制造业行业数据,运用空间计量的方法对企业R&D经费的就业规模总效应和上下游行业就业结构变化进行实证检验。研究发现:我国企业R&D经费对就业规模总效应不显著;但资本品上游行业企业R&D经费增加会负向影响下游行业就业,使上游行业就业占比增加,发生就业结构上迁。异质性分析表明,设备型上游行业组的就业结构上迁效应明显。机制分析表明,上游行业产品创新增加促进了下游行业的资本品使用,对下游行业劳动力产生替代,促使就业结构向上迁移。研究结论对优化创新和就业政策、减缓摩擦性失业有一定现实意义和参考价值。The impact of increasing R&D expenditure on employment is of great concern.This paper first establishes the upstream and downstream industry model of capital goods based on R&D,and theoretically analyzes the impact of R&D expenditure on employment.Then,based on China s manufacturing industry data from 2012 to 2021,this paper uses spatial econometric method to empirically test the total employment scale effect of firm R&D expenditure and the changes of upstream and downstream employment structure.The results show that the total effect of R&D expenditure on employment scale is not significant in our country.However,the increase in R&D expenditure of firms in the upstream industry of capital goods will negatively affect the employment of downstream industries,resulting in an increase in the proportion of employment in the upstream industry and an upward shift in the employment structure.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the upward migration effect of the employment structure of the equipment upstream industry group is obvious.The mechanism analysis shows that the increase of new products in the upstream industry promotes the use of capital goods in the downstream industry,replaces the labor in the downstream industry,and promotes the upward migration of the employment structure.The research conclusions have certain practical significance and reference value for optimizing innovation and employment policies and alleviating frictional unemployment.

关 键 词：企业R&D经费 就业结构迁移 资本品上下游 行业空间权重矩阵 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]