人力资本积累与收入差异——来自CFPS的实证  

Human Capital Accumulation and Income Difference:Evidence from CFPS

作　　者：秦昌才[1] 孙世宇 Qin Changcai;Sun Shiyu(School of Economics and Management,Yantai University,Yantai Shandong 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学经济管理学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期77-89,共13页Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Edition of Social Sciences)

基　　金：2021年度山东省自然科学基金面上项目“新动能培育背景下山东省人力资本服务优化及促进经济增长的机制研究”(ZR2020MG036);山东省专业学位研究生教学案例库“农业硕士经济学实证方法教学案例库”(SDYAL20173)。

摘　　要：通过教育进行人力资本积累,是缩小收入差异,解决相对贫困,实现共同富裕的有效措施。基于中国家庭追踪调查2018年的微观数据,使用工具变量分位数回归方法,从全样本、性别、城乡和区域的角度,系统分析条件收入分布下教育收益率的异质性。结果表明,我国大学教育收益率依条件收入分布呈L型形状,两端的低收入与高收入群体具有较高的收益率;这意味着低收入群体通过教育缩小收入差距,高收入群体通过教育扩大差距的“马太效应”同时存在。女性收益率大于男性,其中低收入群体的年度回报率,男性为4.59%,女性为10.62%。除了10分位点的低收入群体,城市收益率都大于农村。东部收益率随着收入水平的增加而递增,中西部则是递减。Human capital accumulation through college education has become an important measure to narrow the income gap.Based on the micro-data of China Family Panel Studies,using the instrumental variable quan-tile regression method,the heterogeneity of returns to college education in China under the conditional income distribution was systematically analyzed from the perspective of full sample,gender,urban and rural,and re-gions.The results show that returns to college education in China is L-shaped according to the conditional in-come distribution,which means the low-income and high-income groups have higher yields.This means that low-income groups can narrow the income gap with other groups through college education.The“Matthew effect”of high-income groups to expand the income gap through college education exists at the same time.For all income groups,returns to college education for women are higher than men;the annual return rate for low-income groups is 4.59%for men and 10.62%for women.In addition to the low-income group of 10 points,the returns of urban are greater than of rural areas.The returns in the east increases with income levels,while the central and western regions are declining.

关 键 词：教育收益率 工具变量分位数回归 异质性 CFPS 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]