玉米||豌豆间作体系生产力对覆膜方式及化肥施用量的响应  

Responses of productivity to film mulching patterns and chemical fertilizer application rates in maize||pea intercropping system

作　　者：郑浩飞 逄蕾[1] 孙建好[2] 赵建华[2] 于瑞鹏 李隆[3] ZHENG Haofei;PANG Lei;SUN Jianhao;ZHAO Jianhua;YU Ruipeng;LI Long(College of Agriculture,Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Arid Habit Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第10期1639-1649,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900200);国家自然科学基金项目(32160525);甘肃农业大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202301050)资助。

摘　　要：为研究间作体系生产力对覆膜及化肥施用量的响应,本文基于2012年布设在甘肃省农业科学院张掖节水农业试验站的长期定位试验进行了采样与分析。试验采用三因素试验设计:1)覆膜方式,条膜覆盖和全膜覆盖;2)施肥量,常规施肥[450 kg(N)·hm^(-2), 78.6 kg(P)·hm^(-2)]和减量施肥[300 kg(N)·hm^(-2), 52.4 kg(P)·hm^(-2)];3)种植模式,玉米单作、豌豆单作和玉米||豌豆间作。于2021年和2022年豌豆和玉米收获期采集植株样品,测定籽粒产量、地上部生物量、籽粒粗蛋白产量(基于籽粒氮浓度计算)和吸磷量。结果表明:间作体系产量最高,间作体系混合产量较单作加权产量两年平均提高31.9%,增产主要由正的互补效应驱动;同时,各处理下土地当量比均大于1,即间作能够提高土地利用率。相比于单作,间作显著增加籽粒粗蛋白产量和磷吸收量,两年平均分别提高30.0%和24.0%。与条膜覆盖相比,全膜覆盖显著提高生产力和粗蛋白产量。其中,在条膜覆盖下,间作较单作增产38.4%;全膜覆盖下,间作较单作增产26.3%;单作和间作条件下,全膜较条膜分别增产15.9%和5.8%;与单作覆条膜相比,间作覆全膜的产量显著提高47.0%,粗蛋白产量显著提高57.5%。两个施肥水平产量无显著差异,与常规施肥的单作相比,减量施肥下的间作氮肥和磷肥偏生产力均提高102.0%,具有更高的资源利用效率。在减量施氮肥和磷肥条件下,间作相比于单作提高了肥料偏生产力和氮磷收获指数,且玉米品质不降低。因此,与农户模式(条膜覆盖下常规施肥的玉米单作)相比,全膜覆盖下减量施肥的间作是一种更加可持续发展的种植模式,是农业绿色发展的重要措施。To investigate the response of productivity to mulching patterns and chemical fertilizer application rates in intercropping and monoculture cropping systems,we conducted a long-term maize||pea intercropping field experiment at the Zhangye Water-saving Agricultural Experimental Station of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The experiment began in 2012 and consisted of three factors.The first factor was film mulching patterns,including strip mulching and full mulching.The second factor was chemical fertilizer application rates,including conventional fertilization with 450 kg(N)·hm^(-2) and 78.6 kg(P)·hm^(-2) and reduced fertilization with 300 kg(N)·hm^(-2) and 52.4 kg(P)·hm^(-2).The third factor was cropping systems,including maize monoculture,pea monoculture,and maize||pea intercropping.Plant samples were collected at the harvest stage of pea and maize in 2021 and 2022,and the grain yield,aboveground biomass,crude protein yield(calculation based on grain nitrogen concentration),and phosphorus uptake of grains were measured.The results showed that the yield of the intercropping system was the highest;the grain yield of the intercropping system was significantly higher than that of the weighted mean of the monoculture system by 31.9%in the two years,mainly because of the positive complementarity effect rather than the selection effect.In addition,the land equivalent ratio was greater than 1 in each treatment,indicating that intercropping exhibited a greater land-use efficiency than monoculture.On the average,for the two experimental years,compared with monoculture,intercropping increased the grain crude protein yield and phosphorus content by 30.0%and 24.0%,respectively.Full mulching significantly enhanced productivity and crude protein yield compared with strip mulching.Compared to monoculture combined with strip mulching,intercropping with full mulching significantly increased grain yield,crude protein yield,and partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by 47.0%,57.5%,47.5%,and 47.3%,

关 键 词：玉米||豌豆间作 覆膜 减施化肥 养分吸收 粗蛋白产量 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S344.2[农业科学—农艺学]