不同耕作方式与有机肥施用对旱地麦田土壤磷组分的影响  

Effects of different tillage measures and organic manure application amount on soil phosphorus fractions in dry-land wheat fields

作　　者：张鹏飞[1,2] 杨娜[1,2] 王珂 杨志国[1] 王慧[1] 王晓民 张建诚 ZHANG Pengfei;YANG Na;WANG Ke;YANG Zhiguo;WANG Hui;WANG Xiaomin;ZHANG Jiancheng(Cotton Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Yuncheng 044000,China;State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in Preparation),Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学棉花研究所,运城044000 [2]山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹),太原030031

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第10期1701-1708,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901102);省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹)项目(202003-3);运城市科技计划项目(YCKJ-2022076)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨耕作措施和有机肥施用对旱地麦田土壤磷组分的影响,本研究依托2007年布设的黄土高原旱地小麦耕作与施肥长期定位试验,采用Tiessen磷素分级方法,系统研究了深翻+化肥(T)、深翻+鸡粪+化肥(TM)、免耕+化肥(NT)和免耕+鸡粪+化肥(NTM) 4种农艺措施下麦田0~20 cm土层有效磷、全磷和磷组分分布特征。结果表明:1) NT处理有效磷含量较T处理提高58.37%,有机肥处理(NTM和TM)有效磷和全磷含量均显著高于不施有机肥处理(NT和T),NTM处理的有效磷和全磷含量较TM处理分别显著提高11.43%和43.41%。2)与T处理相比,NT、NTM和TM处理可不同程度提高0~20 cm土层活性无机磷组分NaHCO_(3)-Pi以及中活性无机磷组分NaOH-Pi含量,尤其以NTM和TM处理效果最好。3) NT处理的NaHCO_(3)-Po和NaOH-Po较T处理分别显著提高53.07%和55.56%,NTM处理的这2种组分含量较TM处理分别显著提高90.84%和60.31%,Residual-P NT处理较T以及NTM处理较TM分别提高12.90%和36.60%。4)长期定位试验地每年施入的磷肥在土壤中有盈余,残留的磷主要以NaHCO_(3)-Pi、D.HCl-Pi、NaHCO_(3)-Po和C.HCl-Po形态存在,免耕增施有机肥促进了稳定性磷(C.HClPo)向活性磷(NaHCO_(3)-P)和潜在活性磷(NaOH-P)的转化;偏最小二乘(PLS)回归分析结果表明,NaHCO_(3)-Pi和NaOH-Pi是最有效的磷源,对小麦产量的提升贡献较大,NTM处理对这2种磷组分积累的促进效果最明显。综上免耕增施有机肥是发展黄土高原旱作农业值得推广的农艺措施,同时在推广应用时需要考虑减少化学磷肥用量。To explore the effects of tillage measures and organic manure application on soil phosphorus fractions in dry-land wheat fields,based on a long-term positioning experiment of tillage and fertilizer(since 2007)in the Loess Plateau,through using the soil phosphorus classification method of Tiessen,we have systematically studied the distribution characteristics of soil available phosphorus,total phosphorus and phosphorus fractions in 0−20 cm soil layer under four agronomic measures:deep tillage+chemical fertilizer(T),deep tillage+chicken manure+chemical fertilizer(TM),no tillage+chemical fertilizer(NT),and no tillage+chicken manure+chemical fertilizer(NTM).The results showed that:1)compared to T treatment,the soil available phosphorus content under NT treatment was increased by 58.37%,the available phosphorus and total phosphorus contents under organic fertilizer treatments(i.e.,NTM and TM treatments)were higher than those under no organic fertilizer treatments(i.e.,NT and T treatments).Compared with those under TM treatment,the available phosphorus and total phosphorus contents under NTM treatment were significantly increased by 11.43%and 43.41%,respectively.2)Compared to T treatment,NT,NTM,and TM treatments improved the content of the active inorganic phosphorus fractions of NaHCO_(3)-Pi and moderate active inorganic phosphorus fractions of NaOH-Pi,especially under NTM and TM treatments.3)Compared to T treatment,the contents of NaHCO_(3)-Po and NaOH-Po under NT treatment were increased by 53.07%and 55.56%,respectively.Compared to that of TM treatment,the above two fractions under NTM treatment were significantly increased by 90.84%and 60.31%,respectively.Compared to T treatment,the residual-P content under NT treatment was increased by 12.90%,and the Residual-P content under NTM treatment was increased by 36.60%compared to that of TM treatment.4)A surplus of phosphorus fertilizer was applied each year in the 17 a long-term positioning test base,and the residual phosphorus mainly existed in the form of NaHCO_(3)-

关 键 词：免耕 有机肥 土壤磷组分 土壤有效磷 全磷 黄土高原旱地 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S143.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]