服务业监管壁垒对服务贸易的影响——基于市场准入和国内规制的双重视角  

The Impact of Industrial Regulatory Barriers on Service Trade—A Dual Perspective of Market Access and Domestic Regulation

作　　者：张伯伟[1] 马志鑫 ZHANG Bowei;MA Zhixin

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2024年第9期53-69,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“东亚生产分工效率、利益分配与区域经济合作机制研究”(21BGJ080)。

摘　　要：本文根据《服务贸易总协定》对服务贸易自由化的论述,将服务业监管措施划分为市场准入和国内规制两类,分析不同类型服务业监管措施产生贸易壁垒的方式和原因,并通过结构引力模型分析框架,运用泊松伪极大似然估计技术(PPML)进行实证检验。研究发现,首先,进口方服务业市场准入限制和伙伴国服务业国内规制差异阻碍了服务出口,该结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。其次,贸易成本效应是二者影响服务出口的重要渠道,并且服务业国内规制一致性还可通过服务进口引发的技术革新,提升资本生产率,进而促进服务出口。最后,服务业市场准入限制和国内规制一致性对服务出口的影响存在显著的交互作用,并且从现有发展情况看,进口方服务业市场准入开放对服务出口的影响明显受制于贸易双方服务业国内规制的趋同。此外,异质性分析表明,服务业市场开放与国内规制一致性的协调发展对通信服务和商业服务,以及南-南和南-北经济体间的服务出口更为重要。本研究为我国服务业监管体系的改革和更高水平开放型经济新体制的构建提供了政策参考。This article,based on the discussion of trade in services liberalization in the General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS),categorizes regulatory measures in the service industry into two types:market access and domestic regulation.It analyzes the ways and reasons that different types of regulatory measures in the service industry create trade barriers.Using the structural gravity model analysis framework and the Poisson Pseu-do-Maximum Likelihood Estimation(PPML)technique for empirical testing,the study finds that,firstly,restrictions on market access for the importing country's service industry and differences in domestic regulation of the partner country's service industry hinder serv-ice exports,a conclusion that still holds after a series of robustness tests.Secondly,the trade cost effect is an important channel through which both affect service exports,and consistency in domestic regulation of the service industry can also promote service exports by technological innovation triggered by service imports,thereby increasing capital produc-tivity.Lastly,there is a significant interactive effect between market access restrictions and consistency in domestic regulation on service exports,and from the current develop-ment situation,the impact of the importing country's service industry market access open-ing on service exports is clearly constrained by the convergence of domestic regulations in the service industries of both trading parties.In addition,heterogeneous analysis indicates that the coordinated development of market openness and domestic regulation consistency in the service industry is more important for communication services and commercial serv-ices,as well as for service exports between South-South and South-North economies.This study provides policy references for the reform of China's service industry regulatory system and the construction of a new system for a higher level of open economy.

关 键 词：服务业 监管壁垒 市场准入 国内规制 服务贸易 

分 类 号：F741[经济管理—国际贸易]