论遗嘱执行人遗产管理权的法定转化  

On the Statutory Conversion of the Executor's Right to Administer Estates

作　　者：焦艳玲 杨晓铭 秘铭芸 Jiao Yanling;Yang Xiaoming;Mi Mingyun(Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300382;Tianjin Hexin Notary Office,Tianjin,300220)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学,天津300382 [2]天津市和信公证处,天津300220

出　　处：《天津法学》2024年第2期98-104,共7页Tianjin Legal Science

基　　金：天津市和信公证处与天津师范大学“构建‘和信四库’安心家事法律服务体系”科研项目的阶段成果,部分观点源于与项目参与人的集体讨论。

摘　　要：《民法典》确立遗嘱执行人为当然的遗产管理人,但是二者在制度根源和利益代表关系方面明显不同,不免引发继承人对遗嘱执行人遗产管理权来源的质疑。我国的遗产管理人制度实为遗嘱执行人制度的衔接和补足,继承开始后遗嘱执行人便自动转化为遗产管理人,其权限也发生了法定扩张,延伸至全部的遗产管理事务。在有遗嘱指示的情况下,遗嘱执行人自当遵照遗嘱,反之则可基于对继承人和债权人利益的考虑独立执行管理事务,无需遵照继承人意思。除非违反法定职责,继承人不得以遗嘱执行人“超越遗嘱指示范围”或者“违反继承人意思”为由撤销其遗产管理人资格。The Civil Code establishes the executor of a will as the natural administrator of the estate,but the two are clearly different in terms of institutional roots and interests representation relationships,which inevitably raises questions from heirs about the source of the executor's estate management rights.The system of estate administrators in our country is actually a connection and supplement to the system of executors of wills.After the start of inheritance,the executor of the will automatically becomes the estate administrator,and their authority has undergone legal expansion,extending to all estate management affairs.In the case of a will directive,the executor of the will should comply with the will.Otherwise,the executor may independently carry out management affairs based on considerations of the interests of the heir and creditors,without following the will of the heir.On the scope of duties,the executor's rights should be expanded from the matters directed by the will to all estate affairs based on the legal empowerment,but the matters directed by the will that are not related to the administration of the estate should be excluded.Unless in violation of statutory duties,heirs should not revoke their qualifications as estate administrators on the grounds that the executor of the will"exceeded the scope of the will instructions"or"violated the will of the heir".

关 键 词：遗嘱执行人 遗产管理人 转化 继承人 

分 类 号：D923.5[政治法律—民商法学]