法律实证主义与清末民初法制改革  

Legal Positivism and Legal Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

作　　者：赵伊 翟羽翔 Zhao Yi;Zhai Yuxiang(Marxism College,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangdong Guangzhou 510225;Macao Haojiang Law Society,China Macao 999078)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院马克思主义学院,广东广州510225 [2]澳门濠江法律学社,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《理论观察》2024年第8期131-138,共8页Theoretic Observation

基　　金：司法部2020年度法治建设与法学理论研究青年课题项目“从‘礼治’到‘法治’——‘公序良俗’的现代诠释”(20SFB3004)。

摘　　要：法律实证主义为十九世纪西方法律思潮产物。它为现代法律体系的构建提供了科学实证的方法论,为现代法律构建了科学自洽的逻辑体系。自此,现代西方法律体系得以科学性。清末民初法制改革缘起于取消“领事裁判权”。因之,移植西方法律创制法典成为这一时期主要政治目标。改革期间,改革者竭力打破宗法等级制度之枷锁,为法律“祛魅”而引发“礼法之争”。立法者以“最适于中国民情之法则”为旨,全面开展民事习惯法调查。最终,他们形塑了科学自洽的法律逻辑体系。就此,清末民初法制改革得以科学性之关照,为中国法律现代化奠定了基础。Legal positivism emerged as an outcome of the Western legal thought trend in the 19th century.It furnishes a scientific and empirical methodology for the construction of modern legal systems and establishes a scientific and self-consistent logical framework for modern legal edifices.Henceforth,the modern Western legal system has been scientifically constituted.The legal reform during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was sparked by the abolition of the"consular-judicial power".Consequently,the transplantation of Western legal systems and the creation of legal codes became the principal political objective of this era.During the reform,reformers exerted every ounce of their effort to shatter the fetters of the feudal hierarchical system and ignited the"dispute between rites and law"to"demystify"the law.Legislators pursued the aim of"the most appropriate laws for Chinese customs and habits"and carried out comprehensive surveys of civil customary laws.Eventually,they molded a scientific and self-consistent legal logical system.In this manner,the legal reform during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China received scientific attention,laying the groundwork for the modernization of Chinese law.

关 键 词：法律实证主义 科学性 祛魅 习惯调查 自洽性 

分 类 号：D909.92[政治法律—法学理论]