空气污染对中国居民消费的影响——来自城镇住户调查的微观证据  

The Impact of Air Pollution on Household Consumption in China:Micro Evidence from Urban Household Surveys

作　　者：吴秀琴 颜宇 WU Xiu-qin;YAN Yu(School of Economics,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学经济学院 [2]西南财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《消费经济》2024年第4期73-86,共14页Consumer Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BJL078)。

摘　　要：空气污染对居民经济活动的影响得到广泛关注。本文基于2010—2014年城镇住户调查数据,使用空气流动系数作为空气污染的工具变量,考察了空气污染对中国居民消费支出的影响。2SLS估计结果表明,PM2.5季均值每增加1%(1微克/立方米),会导致家庭季度总消费平均下降1.312%(312.776元)。该结论在替换消费指标、改变模型设定、调整回归样本等条件下依旧稳健。机制检验表明,空气污染通过收入效应、规避行为以及医疗支出挤出效应影响居民消费。进一步讨论发现,在面临外部环境冲击时,家庭对于各项分类消费支出的偏好存在显著差异。本文不仅为环境治理的成本收益判断提供了理论依据,也为全面促进消费提供了现实思路。Much attention has been paid to the impact of air pollution on residents’economic activities.Based on data from the 2010-2014 Urban Household Survey,this paper uses air ventilation coefficient as an instrumental variable of air pollution to examine the impact of air pollution on Chinese household consumption expenditure.The results of 2SLS estimation show that a 1%increase in the quarterly average of PM2.5(1μg/m3)leads to a 1.312%(￥312.776)decrease in the quarterly total consumption expenditure of households on average.This conclusion is still robust under the conditions of replacing consumption indicators,changing model Settings,mitigating spatial self-selection bias,considering air pollution exposure,adjusting regression samples,and changing data structures.Mechanism tests reveal that air pollution dampens consumption through income effect,avoidance behavior and medical expenditure crowding out effect.In further discussion,we find that there are significant differences in household preferences for each categorical consumption expenditure when faced with external environmental shocks.Our study not only provides a theoretical basis for assessing the cost-benefit of environmental policies,but also offers realistic ideas for promoting consumption in a comprehensive way.

关 键 词：空气污染 居民消费 空气流动系数 PM2.5 家庭总消费 

分 类 号：F063.2[经济管理—政治经济学]