直升机飞行员身体素质特征探究  

Research on the physical fitness characteristics of helicopter pilots

作　　者：庄薇 朱庆春 杨淇齐 Zhuang Wei;Zhu Qingchun;Yang Qiqi(School of Physical Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;'Sanatorium Zone Three,Air Force Hangzhou Special Service Rehabilitation Center,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学体育学院,杭州311121 [2]空军杭州特勤疗养中心疗养三区,杭州310000

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2024年第4期505-508,共4页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查直升机飞行员的身体素质特征。方法采集2019年1月至2022年6月在杭州某疗养中心接受测试的1840名男性直升机飞行员的身体素质数据,包括握力、背肌力、俯卧撑、原地纵跳、全身反应时、闭眼单脚站立、坐位体前屈等7项指标。参与者根据年龄划分为6个年龄段:20~24岁、25~29岁、30~34岁、35~39岁、40~44岁、45~49岁。对照国家体育总局发布的国民体质监测报告,对比飞行员群体与普通人群的体质差异性。使用单因素方差检验对6个年龄段飞行员的身体素质指标进行统计学分析,并采用Bonferroni事后检验不同年龄段之间的差异水平。结果直升机飞行员各年龄段的握力和背肌力比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着年龄的增长,直升机飞行员的俯卧撑数量、原地纵跳高度、闭眼单脚站立时间、坐位体前屈逐渐减少,全身反应时逐渐延长,与20~24岁年龄段相比,≥25岁直升机飞行员的俯卧撑数量明显减少、原地纵跳高度明显降低,≥40岁直升机飞行员的全身反应时明显延长,≥30岁直升机飞行员的闭眼单脚站立时间、坐位体前屈明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01或P<0.001)。各年龄段直升机飞行员的握力、俯卧撑数量、原地纵跳高度、全身反应时、闭眼单脚站立时间、坐位体前屈均值均优于同年龄段普通男性(P<0.05)。结论直升机飞行员具有良好的身体素质,尤其在反应速度方面明显超过同龄普通男性;直升机飞行员的握力维持较好,但肌肉爆发力、平衡、柔韧能力衰退开始较早,建议在日常训练中提前增加相关练习;直升机飞行员反应速度明显优于平均水平,但40岁后衰退加快,建议增加反应速度的相关练习。ObjectiveTo investigate the physical fitness characteristics of helicopter pilots.MethodsThe physical fitness data of 1840 pilots tested at a rehabilitation center in Hangzhou from January 2019 to June 2022 were collected.The data included seven indicators:handgrip strength,back muscle strength,number of push-ups,vertical jump height,whole-body reaction time,standing time on one foot with eyes closed,and forward bend sit-and-reach.Participants were divided into six age groups:20–24,25–29,30–34,35–39,40–44,and 45–49.This study compared the differences between the pilot group and the general population by referring to the National Physical Fitness Monitoring Report issued by the General Administration of Sport of China.A one-way analysis of variance test was used to statistically analyze the physical fitness indicators of the six age groups,and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to compare the differences between groups.ResultsThere was no statistical significant difference in grip strength and back muscle strength among helicopter pilots of different age groups(P>0.05).As age increased,the number of push-ups,vertical jump height,standing time on one foot with eyes closed,and forward bend sit-and-reach gradually decreased,while the whole-body reaction time gradually increased in helicopter pilots.Compared with those aged 20–24 years old,the number of push-ups and vertical jump height significantly decreased in helicopter pilots aged≥25 years old,the whole-body reaction time significantly increased in helicopter pilots aged≥40 years old,and the standing time on one foot with eyes closed and forward bend sit-and-reach significantly decreased in helicopter pilots aged≥30 years old(P<0.05,P<0.01,or P<0.001).The average grip strength,number of push-ups,vertical jump height,whole body reaction time,standing time on one foot with eyes closed,and forward bend in sit-and-reach of the helicopter pilots of all ages were better than those of general population of the same ages(P<0.05).ConclusionHelicopter

关 键 词：直升机飞行员 身体素质 年龄效应 

分 类 号：R851[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]