碳材料纳米结构的调控及吸附水中有毒污染物研究进展  

Research progress in regulation of nanostructure of carbon materials and adsorption of toxic pollutants in water

作　　者：李秋爽 李芬[1] 杨莹[1] 于彩莲[1] 燕红[1] 郑梦龙 陈慧宇 LI Qiushuang;LI Fen;YANG Ying;YU Cailian;YAN Hong;ZHENG Menglong;CHEN Huiyu(School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学材料科学与化学工程学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《材料工程》2024年第10期57-69,共13页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22278100)。

摘　　要：纳米碳材料因具有比表面积大、孔结构复杂、表面官能团丰富等结构特点,在水中污染物治理上应用广泛。本文总结了纳米碳材料的碳源和制备方法,分析了碳材料纳米结构调控的原理和影响因素,综述了纳米碳吸附水中有毒污染物的研究成果,并提出了未来纳米碳材料工业化应用需要突破的瓶颈问题。水热法、热解法和化学气相沉积是目前常用的纳米碳制备方法,糖类、石油化工产品以及生物质等传统碳源通过制备温度、活化剂等参数的调控均可获得纳米结构碳。开发的碳纳米管、碳纳米球和纳米孔碳等可与污染物更好的接触,因此对酚类、苯类、染料类、抗生素以及重金属离子等有毒污染物有明显的吸附优势。为了实现纳米碳吸附材料的广泛应用,未来还需要在纳米碳绿色高效制备工艺的研发、碳结构形成演变规律的探索、纳米碳宏观使用方案的设计以及纳米碳基复合材料开发等方面开展进一步的研究工作。Carbon nanomaterials are widely used in the treatment of water pollutants because of their structural characteristics such as large specific surface area,complex pore structure,and rich surface functional groups.This paper summarized the carbon sources and preparation methods of nanocarbon materials,analyzed the principles and influencing factors of nanostructure regulation of carbon materials,reviewed the research progress in nanocarbon adsorption of toxic pollutants in water,and put forward the bottlenecks that need to be broken through for the future industrial application of nanocarbon materials.Hydrothermal,pyrolysis and chemical vapor deposition are the common methods for the preparation of nanocarbon,and traditional carbon sources,such as sugars,petrochemicals,and biomass,can be used to obtain nanostructured carbon through the modulation of parameters such as preparation temperature and activator.Carbon nanotubes,carbon nanospheres,and nanoporous carbon have been developed for better contact with pollutants,thus exhibiting significant adsorption advantages for toxic pollutants such as phenols,benzenes,dyes,antibiotics,and heavy metal ions.In order to realize the wide application of nanocarbon adsorbent materials,further research is required to be carried out in the future on the development of green and efficient preparation process of nanocarbon,the exploration of the formation and evolution law of carbon structures,the design of macroscopic use scheme of nanocarbon,and the development of nanocarbon based composite materials.

关 键 词：纳米结构 碳材料 吸附 有机污染物 重金属离子 

分 类 号：TQ127.1[化学工程—无机化工] O647.3[理学—物理化学]