多功能生物基聚酰胺56复合纤维的制备与性能  

Preparation and properties of multifunctional bio-based polyamide 56 composite fibers

作　　者：朱旭 徐燕 郝新敏 郭亚飞 李江滢 宫玉梅 ZHU Xu;XU Yan;HAO Xinmin;GUO Yafei;LI Jiangying;GONG Yumei(School of Textile and Material Engineering,Dalian Polytechnic University,Dalian 116034,Liaoning,China;Systems Engineering Institute,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]大连工业大学纺织与材料工程学院,辽宁大连116034 [2]军事科学院系统工程研究院,北京100010

出　　处：《精细化工》2024年第10期2143-2149,2188,共8页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划工业重大专项(2019JH1/10100010);辽宁省教育厅科学研究基金项目(LJKZ0517)。

摘　　要：以纳米ZnO(nano-ZnO)为改性粒子、生物基聚酰胺56(PA56)为基体,引入可纺性优良的尼龙6,采用两步成型熔融纺丝技术共混纺丝,制备了多功能生物基ZnO/PA56复合纤维。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、DSC和TGA对ZnO/PA56复合纤维进行了表征,考察了nano-ZnO质量分数对ZnO/PA56复合纤维性能的影响。结果表明,nano-ZnO在PA56基体中分散均匀,两者以物理共混方式相容;nano-ZnO在ZnO/PA56复合纤维中异相成核,降低了其力学性能和热稳定性,提高了其结晶温度,与PA56相比,质量分数为0.5%、1.0%和2.0%的ZnO/PA56复合纤维(分别记为PA56-0.5、PA56-1.0和PA56-2.0)结晶温度提高了1.1~5.2℃;最大失重温度降低了88.94~98.52℃;断裂强度降至3.32、3.22和3.06 cN/dtex。nano-ZnO明显提升了复合纤维的抗菌性、导热性和抗紫外线能力。PA56-0.5对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制率均为100%,明显优于PA56对两者的25%和41%的抑制率。PA56-0.5、PA56-1.0、PA56-2.0在加热50 s时温度可达137.0、136.0和128.0℃,优于PA56的121.0℃。140h紫外光辐照后,PA56-0.5、PA56-1.0和PA56-2.0的断裂强度下降率分别为73.2%、73.3%和69.9%,低于PA56的断裂强度下降率(79.8%)。Multi-functional bio-based ZnO/bio-based polyamide 56(PA56)composite fibers were prepared from introduction of nylon 6 with excellent spinnability into matrix PA56 with nano ZnO(nano-ZnO)as modified particle by a two-step melt spinning technology,and characterized by SEM,FTIR,XRD,DSC and TGA.The effect of nano-ZnO mass fraction on the properties of ZnO/PA56 composite fibers were then analyzed.The results showed that the nano-ZnO was uniformly dispersed in PA56 matrix by physical blending,with the heterogeneous nucleation of nano-ZnO reducing its mechanical properties and thermal stability while increasing its crystallization temperature.The ZnO/PA56 composite fibers with mass fractions of 0.5%,1.0%and 2.0%(noted as PA56-0.5,PA56-1.0 and PA56-2.0)exhibited an increment in crystallization temperature by 1.1~5.2℃,reduction in the largest weight loss temperature by 88.94~98.52℃,and decrease in breaking strength to 3.32,3.22 and 3.06 cN/dtex.The addition of ZnO significantly improved the antibacterial,thermal conductivity and UV resistance of the composite fibers.Both inhibition rates of PA56-0.5 on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 100%,which was obviously better than those of PA56(25%and 41%).The temperature of PA56-0.5,PA56-1.0 and PA56-2.0 could reach 137.0,136.0 and 128.0℃when heated for 50 s,which was better than 121.0℃of PA56.After 140 h ultraviolet irradiation,the fracture strength reduction rates of PA56-0.5,PA56-1.0 and PA56-2.0 were 73.2%,73.3%and 69.9%,respectively,lower than that of PA56(79.8%).

关 键 词：纳米ZNO 生物基聚酰胺56 多功能复合纤维 熔融纺丝 抗菌性能 功能材料 

分 类 号：TQ342.94[化学工程—化纤工业] O633.22[理学—高分子化学]