铁路测绘技术发展与创新研究综述  

Review of the Development and Innovation of Railway Survey Technology

作　　者：李平苍 LI Pingcang(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Navigation Position and Spatio-temporal Big Data Technology,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司,天津300308 [2]天津市轨道交通导航定位及时空大数据技术重点实验室,天津300308

出　　处：《铁道勘察》2024年第5期1-7,19,共8页Railway Investigation and Surveying

基　　金：中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发计划重点课题(2023A0240107)。

摘　　要：铁路测绘是我国铁路工程建设的重要工作之一,经过数代铁路测绘工作者的不懈努力,已从建国初期的纯手工测绘发展到现在的数字化和自动化测绘,并向智能化方向迈进。系统总结和回顾我国铁路勘测过程中首级控制测量、1∶10000地形图测绘、1∶2000地形图测绘、中线测量、横断面测绘、工点地形测绘和既有线测量等测绘技术的发展历程;研究利用无人机激光雷达技术开展新建铁路中线测量、交叉测量等专项测量工作,其精度满足10 cm的限差要求;介绍基于车载移动激光扫描技术和无人机倾斜摄影测量技术开展既有铁路各项测量工作的新方法,其测量精度可满足既有线中线测量平面检测限差≯3 cm,一般地段高程检测限差≯5 cm的精度要求。Railway surveying is one of the important tasks in China's railway construction engineering.Through the unremitting efforts of several generations of railway surveyors,Chinese railway surveying technology has evolved from pure manual surveying and mapping at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic to the current state of digitalization and automation,and is advancing towards intelligent surveying.This paper systematically summarized and reviewed the development history of surveying techniques in Chinese railway surveying process,including primary control surveying,1∶10000 topographic mapping,1∶2000 topographic mapping,centerline surveying,cross-section surveying,site topographic mapping,and existing railway surveying.It also studies the use of UAV LiDAR technology for special surveying tasks such as centerline and intersection surveying for new railways,achieving precision that meets the 10 cm limit requirement.New methods for conducting various surveying tasks on existing railways based on mobile laser scanning technology and UAV oblique photography surveying technology were introduced.The surveying precision essentially meets the requirements for existing railway centerline surveying with a planar detection limit difference of no more than 3cm and a general terrain elevation detection limit difference of no more than 5 cm.

关 键 词：铁路工程 测绘技术 地形图测量 中线测量 既有线测量 

分 类 号：U212[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]