普速铁路GNSS基准站观测数据质量分析  

Quality Analysis of Observation Data of Conventional Railway Basic Control Network

作　　者：何义磊 HE Yilei(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Navigation Positioning and Spatio-temporal Big Data Technology,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司,天津300308 [2]天津市轨道交通导航定位及时空大数据技术重点实验室,天津300308

出　　处：《铁道勘察》2024年第5期13-19,共7页Railway Investigation and Surveying

基　　金：中国铁路设计集团有限公司科研项目重点(2023B0240112、2023A0240108)。

摘　　要：选用某既有普速铁路沿线7个GNSS基准站14 d的观测数据,依据数据完整率、信噪比、多路径效应、电离层延迟和周跳等评估指标,分析BDS-2、BDS-3、GPS和Galileo卫星各频点观测数据质量,探究不同铁路环境对基准站观测数据质量的影响。研究表明,7个不同铁路环境下的GNSS基准站在各个评估指标方面具有一致性,其中日观测数据完整率>98%,伪距多路径效应误差<0.32 m,SNR平均值在41~50 dB-Hz之间,IOD-RMS平均值<0.10 m/min,CSR平均值<50,各项指标均能够满足铁路沿线高精度定位的需求;并且北斗三号卫星B1C和B2a新信号与GPS和Galileo卫星信号性能相当,部分甚至更优。因此,在进行铁路沿线GNSS基准站选址时,宜优先选择楼房顶等开阔环境,选址困难时可选择地面弱遮挡或邻近线路环境。This paper selected 14 days of observation data from 7 GNSS basic stations in different environments along a conventional railway.Based on evaluation indicators such as data integrity,signal-to-noise ratio,multipath effect,ionospheric delay,and cycle slip,the quality of every frequency observation data from BDS-2,BDS-3,GPS,and Galileo satellites was analyzed.The impact of different railway environments on the observation data quality of reference stations was explored.The results show that,7 GNSS basic stations in different railway environments have consistency in various evaluation indicators,the data integrity of daily observation data is greater than 98%,the pseudorange multipath effect is less than 0.32 m,the average SNR value is between 41~50 dB-Hz,the average IOD-RMS value is less than 0.10 m/min,and the average CSR value is less than 50,all indicators can meet the demand for high-precision positioning along the railway.The performance of Beidou-3 satellites B1C and B2a new signals is equivalent to or even better than that of GPS and Galileo satellites.When selecting GNSS basic stations along the railway line,it is advisable to choose open environments such as building roofs,and choose the weak ground shelter or the environment near the line when the location is difficult.

关 键 词：普速铁路 GNSS基准站 BDS 评估指标 质量分析 

分 类 号：U212.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]