池塘陆基循环水养殖系统构建及其运行效果  

Construction and operation effect of land-based recirculating aquaculture system based on pond

作　　者：胡晓娜 朱永久[1] 吴兴兵[1] 李学梅[1] 王龙 张远松 李晓莉[1] HU Xiaona;ZHU Yongjiu;WU Xingbing;LI Xuemei;WANG Long;ZHANG Yuansong;LI Xiaoli(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,武汉430223

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第18期210-219,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划长江禁渔后特色土著鱼类规模化繁育与绿色高效养殖项目(2022YFD2400902);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费院级湖库增殖渔业创新团队项目(2023TD61)。

摘　　要：为探讨陆基循环水养殖系统与现有淡水池塘如何有机结合,本研究将养殖池塘改造为“菌-藻-鱼-水生植物”联合的水处理区,并与陆基养殖单元结合,构建成一套陆基循环水养殖系统,并开展瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)养殖试验。试验过程中监测了各水处理单元水质理化指标及陆基养殖单元鱼类生长情况,评估了养殖系统氮磷收支情况及养殖单元与水处理单元面积配比关系。结果表明:经8周运行,水处理单元对氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)^(−)-N)、总氮和总磷的总去除率分别为75.69%、64.99%、29.1%和43.29%,养殖尾水经水处理单元净化后能够满足《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求(SC/T 9101-2007)》。陆基养殖单元瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)的成活率为97.5%,单位产量为6.38 kg/m^(3),增重率平均为71.57%,特定生长率(R_(SGR,m))平均为0.96%/d,饵料系数平均为1.48。氮磷收支结果表明,饲料是系统氮、磷的主要来源,分别占氮、磷总输入的61.71%、61.85%。瓦氏黄颡鱼和综合积累(包含底泥沉积、水体渗漏、吸附等)分别是氮、磷输出的主要项目,分别占氮、磷总输出的50.26%、38.53%。瓦氏黄颡鱼对氮、磷的利用率分别为29.12%、10.65%,鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)对氮、磷的利用率分别为0.06%、1.14%和0.02%、0.33%,瓦氏黄颡鱼对氮、磷的利用率均显著高于鲢、鳙(P<0.05)。养殖桶与水处理单元实际面积配比关系为0.043:1,尚有进一步优化空间。因此,本研究表明基于养殖池塘改造的陆基循环水养殖系统在养殖尾水净化、氮磷利用等方面具有良好效果,值得进一步优化和推广。To explore how the land-based recirculating water aquaculture system can be organically integrated with existing freshwater ponds,this study carried out to transform the aquaculture ponds into a combined"bacteria-algae-fish-aquatic plants"water treatment area,which was combined with a land-based aquaculture unit to construct a land-based recirculating water aquaculture system for conducting experiments on the culture of Pelteobagrus vachelli.During the experiment,the physical and chemical indicators of water quality in each water treatment unit and the growth of fish in the land-based aquaculture unit were monitored,and the nitrogen and phosphorus balance in the aquaculture system as well as the relationship between the aquaculture unit and the water treatment unit area were evaluated.The results indicated that after 8 weeks of operation,the total removal rates of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrite(NO_(2)^(−)-N),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)by the water treatment units were 75.69%,64.99%,29.1%and 43.29%,respectively.Among them,the removal rates of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(2)^(−)-N,TN and TP were 43.36%,19.18%,12.46%and 20.61%,respectively,in the bacteria-algal-fish area,and the removal rates of NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(2)^(−)-N,TN and TP in the aquatic plant area were 19.53%,10.91%,5.26%and 7.18%,respectively.The culture tail water was able to meet the"Requirement for Water Discharge from Freshwater Aquaculture Pond"(SC/T 9101-2007)after being purified by the water treatment unit.During the experimental period,the NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration of the test ponds ranged from 0.13 to 0.55 mg/L,with an average value of 0.13 mg/L,and the control ponds ranged from 0.14 to 0.25 mg/L.The NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration of the control ponds was higher than that of the test ponds from the 2nd week onward(P<0.05).The NO_(2)^(−)-N concentration of the test ponds ranged from 0.007 to 0.052 mg/L,with an average value of 0.020 mg/L,and the control ponds ranged from 0.023 to 0.047 mg/L,with an average value of 0.032 mg/L.The NO

关 键 词：池塘 循环水养殖 净化效果 氮 磷 瓦氏黄颡鱼 

分 类 号：S965.112[农业科学—水产养殖]