农村庭院厨余垃圾好氧发酵设备设计与试验  

Aerobic fermentation equipment for kitchen wastes in rural courtyard

作　　者：于淼 周海宾 丁京涛 沈玉君 程红胜 徐鹏翔 王健 程琼仪 张冬丽 张朋月 马双双 张芸 YU Miao;ZHOU Haibin;DING Jingtao;SHEN Yujun;CHENG Hongsheng;XU Pengxiang;WANG Jian;CHENG Qiongyi;ZHANG Dongli;ZHANG Pengyue;MA Shuangshuang;ZHANG Yun(Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning&Design,Beijing 100125,China;Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,北京100125 [2]农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室,北京100125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第18期220-227,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC08-2022-FQ03);农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目(CXTD-2021-11)。

摘　　要：针对农村庭院厨余垃圾处理设备缺乏、就地就近利用率低等问题,该研究按照分段发酵-精准控制-一体化集成的思路,研制了一种供农村联户或单户家庭庭院使用的厨余垃圾好氧发酵设备,设备设置多级分仓结构,将不同阶段物料分隔发酵和延长物料停留时间,并集成了控制单元、渗滤液收集单元和除臭单元。以厨余垃圾为原料、以木屑为辅料,开展了为期20 d的好氧发酵试验,试验结果表明:堆肥高温期(55℃)达到5 d,连续发酵20 d后,粪大肠杆菌检测为不大于3.0个/g,蛔虫卵死亡率为100%,种子发芽指数为73%,均满足好氧发酵无害化和资源化的要求。该设备具有发酵品质高、人机交互性好、无污染气体排放等优点,可为农村地区厨余垃圾就地就近的资源化、无害化处理及肥料利用提供技术参考。Aerobic composting is one of the primary steps for the resource utilization and harmless treatment of rural kitchen waste.The treatment device of food waste is ever increasingly needed for single or multiple households,as the development of separate waste collection and promotion of on-the-spot organic waste disposal and utilization.In this study,an aerobic composting device was designed to consider segmented fermentation for composting material,precise aeration and turning control,and multi-function integration.According to the four-stage aerobic composting,four chambers of sequential fermentation were utilized to achieve the separate fermentation of materials in different stages for the harmless treatment of the product.This integrated system also incorporated the agitation apparatus,aeration equipment,control devices,leachate collection mechanisms,and odor control systems.Continuous feeding was employed to introduce the kitchen waste and sawdust daily at a wet-to-weight 10:3.The aeration strategy was set at one minute of aeration every 10 min,and an aeration rate of 10L/min.The stirring frequency was positive for 4 min,reverse for 6 min,and stop for 240 min.The mixing performance simulation and composting experiment were conducted using kitchen waste and pine sawdust as the feedstock.In the simulation test:a fermentation tank and material particle model were constructed and calibrated the simulation parameters of kitchen waste and pine sawdust.The mixing state was simulated to explore the effect of kitchen waste and pine sawdust in four fermentation tanks using the discrete element simulation software EDEM.The mixing degree was calculated for the two kinds of materials in the fermentation tank using the coefficient of variation.The working performance of the equipment was verified in the test.In the composting experiment,solid samples were collected on days 21,23,and 25 of the composting process,termed as the feeding port(P1),discharge port(P6),and the mid-sections of the first to fourth fermentation tanks(P2

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 设备 好氧发酵 设计与试验 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]