微罪扩张背景下犯罪前科消灭制度的构建  

Construction of the System of Elimination of Prior Convictions from the Perspective of Expansion of Minor Criminal Offenses

作　　者：吕媛媛 Lyu Yuanyuan(School of Law,Guizhou Normal University,Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学法学院,贵州550025

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第20期71-75,共5页Journal of Western

摘　　要：微罪案件主要涉及道德谴责性低、人身危险性小的法定犯。随着轻微犯罪案件增多,现行司法资源被大量占用,前科标签化和连诛化问题凸显,影响了犯罪人员及其家属的社会融入。因此,构建前科消灭制度尤为紧迫。建议参照未成年人犯罪记录封存制度和借鉴国外法律制度,设立一年考验期前科消灭制度。对于轻微犯罪人群,在考验期内需参加心理咨询与测试,考验合格后可申请前科注销。前科消灭制度还需考虑不同职业的从业禁止期限,对于损害他人身心健康的犯罪不应纳入前科消除范围。前科消灭制度应以恢复性司法为导向,避免“一刀切”的方式,针对不同类型的犯罪分别处理,以促进轻微犯罪分子的社会再融入,降低再犯罪率。Minor criminal cases mainly involve statutory crimes with low moral culpability and minimal personal danger.With the increase of minor criminal cases,existing judicial resources are being heavily occupied,and issues of stigmatization and collective punishment associated with prior convictions have become prominent,which affects the social involvement of the offenders and their families.Therefore,it’s urgent to construct the system of elimination of prior convictions.It’s suggested to establish the system of elimination of prior convictions with a one-year probationary period,which can draw on the sealing of juvenile records and foreign legal system.For the minor criminal offenders,the qualified psychological counseling and test in the probationary period will suffice to apply for the elimination of his or her prior conviction record.Moreover,the elimination system must take into account the prohibition periods for different professions,and offenders who have harmed the physical and mental health of others should not be involved in the elimination system.The system of elimination of prior convictions should be guided by restorative justice,and avoid a“one-size-fits-all”approach by separately dealing with different types of offenders,which is expected to help the minor criminal offenders re-involve in society and reduce the crime rate.

关 键 词：轻微罪界限 微罪治理 前科消灭制度 前科消灭附随问题 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]