检视与重构:网络“翻墙”的行政处罚裁量基准  

Research on the Review and Reconstruction of Administrative Penalty Discretionary Standards for Netizens'"Climbing over the Wall"

作　　者：高凡 武艳 Gao Fan;Wu Yan(Jiangsu Cultural and Creative Development Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210000;Jintan District People's Procuratorate,Changzhou 213200)

机构地区：[1]江苏文创文化发展有限公司,江苏南京210000 [2]常州市金坛区人民检察院,江苏常州213200

出　　处：《中阿科技论坛（中英文）》2024年第10期166-172,共7页China-Arab States Science and Technology Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“算法裁判正当性基准的异化与应对研究”阶段性研究成果(23CFX020)。

摘　　要：“翻墙”指国内网民绕过相应的IP封锁、内容过滤、域名劫持、流量限制等,非法访问被国家禁止的境外网站行为。法律上“翻墙”行为包含“翻墙”工具提供行为和“翻墙”工具使用行为,前者使用刑事手段进行制裁,后者则适用行政规制更妥当。理论上,“翻墙”与行为自由、网络权等存在关联;但在实践中,“翻墙”行为的规制效果不佳。基于此,文章提出应对“翻墙”行为的行政处罚范围进行必要限缩,对于普通公民一般性少量的“翻墙”工具使用行为不苛以行政处罚,而适用更为宽缓的训诫加以规制;设定“翻墙”行为的行政处罚裁量分级,明确警告和罚款的裁量标准,进而解决“翻墙”行为选择性执法和证据难提取等难题,以增强网民网络“翻墙”行为规制效果。“Climbing over the wall”refers to the illegal access of domestic netizens to overseas websites prohibited by the state by means of bypassing corresponding IP blocking,content filtering,domain hijacking,traffic restrictions.Legally speaking,the act includes two aspects of providing tools and using tools.The former should be sanctioned by criminal means,while the latter is applicable to administrative regulations.Theoretically,there is a correlation between“climbing over the wall”and freedom of act,network rights;However,in practice,the regulatory effect is not satisfactory.To this end,the article proposes limitations on the scope of administrative penalties for this act.Namely,general and small number of tools used by ordinary citizens should not be subjected to administrative penalties,but rather to more lenient admonition;Setting up a hierarchy of administrative penalty,clarifying the discretion standards for admonition and fines,in order to address the issues of selective law enforcement and difficult evidence extraction,in an effort to enhance the regulatory effect of online“climbing over the wall”.

关 键 词：“翻墙” 行政处罚 限缩范围 处罚种类 裁量基准 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]