罗马社会祭祖的特点与发展变化——兼论与周代祭祖之异同  

The Characteristics and Evolution of Ancestor Worship in Roman Society--A Comparative Analysis of the Similarities and Differences on Ancester Worship in Zhou Dyhasty

作　　者：章衍 ZHANG Yan

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学,广东广州510631

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第3期23-32,共10页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“古典晚期地中海东部地区的民间信仰研究”(批准号:19BZJ052)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对祖先的祭祀是罗马宗教活动的重要内容,其主要形式是祖先节的祭祀和纪念活动。祖先节是一个延续9天的节日,通常情况下,祭祀活动属于私人活动,与罗马公共祭祀并不相关,而且祭祀流程没有统一标准。与罗马祭祖相关的重要伦理是“虔诚”和“责任”。罗马人的亲属结构既能在垂直方向上延伸,又能在水平方向上扩展。到帝国时期,由于社会伦理及亲属结构的变化,导致祭祀人群、罗马遗嘱出现一些新变化。与罗马人相比,周人祭祖的标准既严格又统一,虽然历经春秋战国“礼崩乐坏”的巨大变革,但其亲属结构及祭祖的伦理原则没有发生根本变化。而罗马在这些方面已出现结构性改变,导致祭祀观念淡化,祭祖习惯在基督教兴起后逐渐消失。Sacrificing to ancestors was an important part of Roman religious activities,and its main form was sacrifice and commemoration in Parentalia.Parentalia was a nine-day festival,and the sacrificial activities were usually private and not related to the public sacrifices in Rome,and there were no uniform standards for the sacrificial procedures.The important ethics associated with Roman ancestor worship were"pietas"and"obligation".The Roman kinship structure was able to extend both vertically and horizontally.In the imperial period,due to the changes of social ethics and kinship structure,there were some new changes in the body of Sacrificers and the Roman will.Compared with the Romans,the Zhou people's standards of ancestor worship were both strict and unified.Although they experienced the great changes of"the ritual collapses and music breaks"in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States,the structure of their kinship and ethical principles of ancestor worship did not change fundamentally.However,structural changes took place in Rome in these aspects,which led to the weakening of the sense of sacrifice,and the habit of ancestor worship gradually disappeared after the rise of Christianity.

关 键 词：古代罗马 祭祖 亲属结构 家族观念 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]