青藏高原东南缘昆虫多样性的海拔梯度格局研究  

Distribution Patterns of Insect Diversity Along Elevation Gradients in Southeastern Margin of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：廖周洋 杨大荣[2] 孔德斌 官云芳 张颖[1] 曾洁 王戌勃 袁煜林 邓忠坚[1] 张媛[1,3] LIAO Zhouyang;YANG Darong;KONG Debin;GUAN Yunfang;ZHANG Ying;ZENG Jie;WANG Xubo;YUAN Yulin;DENG Zhongjian;ZHANG Yuan(Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xishuangbanna 666303,China;Key Laboratory of Southwest Mountain Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization,Ministry of Education,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院,云南昆明650224 [2]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南西双版纳666303 [3]西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第10期2138-2147,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项(No.XDYC-QNRC-2022-0207);国家自然科学基金(No.32160296);云南省一流学科林学学科建设经费。

摘　　要：为阐明青藏高原地区昆虫多样性与海拔梯度间的相关性,在青藏高原东南缘的迪庆藏族自治州开展了昆虫多样性的海拔梯度格局研究,调查海拔范围为1600~3800 m。基于alpha多样性指数和Jaccard相似性系数,使用回归分析、主成分分析和beta多样性分解等方法探讨了海拔梯度对昆虫多样性分布格局的影响。结果表明:①青藏高原东南缘具有较高的昆虫多样性,4次野外调查共采集到昆虫5141头,隶属于13目80科;不同海拔梯度上的昆虫群落组成具有差异,相比于高海拔区域,低海拔区域拥有更多的昆虫类群,这可能是由于低海拔地区具有较好的水热条件和生境异质性,可为不同昆虫类群提供适宜生境。②昆虫alpha多样性指数随海拔的升高而降低,可能是由海拔升高引起的温度降低以及植被类型的转变导致。③不同海拔梯度间昆虫群落Jaccard相似性系数在0.36~0.56之间,均表现为中等不相似或中等相似;除低海拔区域外,相邻海拔梯度间昆虫群落的相似性随海拔升高而逐渐降低,这一趋势可能是由海拔梯度升高带来的环境压力改变以及物种对特定海拔的适应性分化引起的。研究显示,青藏高原东南缘的昆虫多样性分布格局受海拔梯度显著影响,低海拔地区具有更高的昆虫多样性,不同海拔梯度具有各自的优势昆虫类群,不同海拔梯度间的多样性差异主要是由于周转而非嵌套导致。该研究结果可为青藏高原昆虫多样性保护提供重要科学依据。In order to elucidate the correlation between insect diversity and elevation gradient on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,a study was conducted on the elevation gradient pattern of insect diversity in the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau,with an elevation range of 1600-3800 m above the sea level.Based on the alpha diversity index and Jaccard similarity index,the effect of elevation gradient on the distribution pattern of insect diversity was explored using regression analysis,principal component analysis and beta diversity decomposition.The results showed that the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau had high insect diversity.5141 insects belonging to 13 orders and 80 families were collected in four field surveys.The composition of insect communities varies along the elevation gradient,with a greater number of insect groups observed at lower elevations than at higher elevations.This may be attributed to more favorable thermal and hydrological conditions,as well as the heterogeneity of habitats at lower elevations,which may provide suitable habitats for different insect groups.The alpha diversity indices of insects decreased with increasing elevation.This phenomenon is likely attributable to the concomitant decrease in temperature and change in vegetation type associated with the elevation gradient.The Jaccard similarity index of insect communities at different elevation gradients ranged from 0.36 to 0.56,and most of these coefficients were in the moderately different or moderately similar range.The exception was in low elevation region,where the similarity of insect communities between adjacent elevation gradients gradually decreased with increasing elevation.This trend may be caused by the changes in environmental pressure due to the increase in elevation gradients.Furthermore,the differentiation of species adaptability to the specific elevation gradient is evident.The study demonstrates that the distribution pattern of insect diversity on the southeastern edge

关 键 词：昆虫多样性 青藏高原 海拔梯度 分布格局 物种周转 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]