北京市绿化隔离地区空气负离子供给能力及影响因素分析  

Service Capacity of Negative Air Ions and Their Influencing Factors in the Green Belt Areas of Beijing

作　　者：刘晓娜 张继平 乔青 杨宁 LIU Xiaona;ZHANG Jiping;QIAO Qing;YANG Ning(Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection,National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第10期2204-2213,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41901260,42371320)。

摘　　要：为探析北京市绿化隔离地区(简称“绿隔地区”)空气负离子的供给时空规律及其影响因素,基于植被生长季空气负离子监测数据定量评估了绿隔地区空气负离子供给能力,并分析了气象因子、植物群落因子对其供给影响的差异性。结果表明:①绿隔地区植被生长季空气负离子浓度呈先降后升再降的日变化特征,在14:00左右达到峰值。2022年绿隔地区森林植物群落空气负离子供给量为3.02×10^(21)个,供给能力为0.51×10^(16)个/m^(2),第二道绿化隔离地区(简称“二绿地区”)空气负离子供给能力和供给量均明显优于第一道绿化隔离地区(简称“一绿地区”),主要与森林面积比例、植物群落因子差异有关。②空气负离子浓度主要受温度影响,并与温度呈显著负相关,二绿地区对温度响应更显著,但相对湿度对其影响不显著。③空气负离子浓度受植物群落因子影响显著,植被覆盖度、林分阶段、群落结构为主要影响因子,并均与空气负离子浓度呈显著正相关。不同植物群落因子的空气负离子浓度差异明显,在林分阶段上表现为近自然林>人工林,在林分类型上表现为混交林>纯林,在群落类型上表现为针阔混交林>阔叶林>针叶林,在群落结构上表现为乔灌草>乔灌>乔木>乔草。研究显示,乔灌草结构的针阔混交林的空气负离子供给能力最高,而乔草结构的针叶林供给能力最低,未来应重点加强近自然林营建,构建混交、复层、异龄、多功能森林群落,其中,一绿地区应重点进行林分类型和群落结构调整,二绿地区应重点关注群落类型和群落结构优化以及植被覆盖度提升。To explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of negative air ion provision and the influencing factors in the Green Belt Areas of Beijing,this study used in-situ monitoring records to quantitatively examine the provision capacity of negative air ions during the vegetation growing seasons.It also analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and vegetation communities.The results showed that:(1)During the growing season,the concentration of negative air ions generally displayed notable diurnal variations,peaking at around 14:00.In 2022,the total negative air ions provided by local forest plant communities in the Green Belt Areas reached 3.02×10^(21) ions,with supply capacity of 0.51×10^(16) ions/m^(2).The second Green Belt areas significantly outperformed the first in both supply capacity and scale of negative air ions,primarily due to differences in forest area proportion and vegetation communities.(2)The concentration of negative air ions was mainly affected by temperature during the growing season,showing a significant negative correlation,particularly in the second Green Belt Areas,while the effect of relative humidity was insignificant.(3)Vegetation community factors had a significant impact on negative air ion concentration.Vegetation coverage,forest stand stage,and community structure were the main influencing factors,all showing significant positive correlations.The concentration levels of negative air ions varied significantly across different vegetation community factors,following this order:near-natural forest>artificial forest,mixed forest>pure forest,conifer-broadleaf forest>broadleaf forest>coniferous forest,and arbor with shrubs and herbage>arbor with shrubs>arbor>arbor with herbage.This study revealed that conifer-broadleaf forest with shrubs and herbage provided the highest concentration of negative air ions,while coniferous forest with herbage provided the lowest.In the future,efforts should focus on strengthening the construction of near-natural forests and creating mixed,multi-layered,and mu

关 键 词：空气负离子 供给能力 植物群落 气象因子 城市森林 绿化隔离地区 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]