微观地块服务设施可达性评价及路网优化影响分析  

Evaluation of micro-parcel service facility accessibility and analysis of the impact of road network optimization

作　　者：汤文[1] 佘越宇 郑小毅 陈玲娟[1] 王竹 徐琳 TANG Wen;SHE Yueyu;ZHENG Xiaoyi;CHEN Lingjuan;WANG Zhu;XU Lin(School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;China Power Construction Group Guiyang Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学汽车与交通工程学院,武汉430081 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵阳550081

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报》2024年第4期141-152,共12页JOURNAL OF BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(20CGL018)。

摘　　要：针对现有的服务设施可达性评价方法分析尺度大、数据精度低且无法依赖网络地图应用程序编程接口(Application Programming Interface,API)评价路网规划方案等问题,提出一种可用于规划方案评价的微观地块综合服务设施可达性评价方法.依据土地利用性质将研究区域划分为565个微观地块,利用实际居住建筑物空间分布测算各地块的人口分布;基于实际路网构建地铁-公交加权复合网络模型和小汽车网络模型,并设计通行时间的计算方法;利用改进潜力模型精确地计算各地块的医疗、教育、就业、商业和文化休闲5类设施的可达性,加权得到综合可达性.此外,考虑路网规划方案对交通网络的更新,以评价规划方案对可达性的具体影响.研究结果表明:可达性与服务设施及交通网络的空间分布呈现强相关性,公共交通网络的合理布局可有效缓解由服务设施和路网差异引起可达性分布差异;优化路网能有效提高可达性水平,但这种改善效果在不同区域间存在差异,设施密度较高的区域提高幅度较大.此评价方法可以为城市各类公共服务设施的合理配置、交通网络的规划与优化,以及社会公平性的增强提供新的视角和工具.Existing service facility accessibility evaluation methods face issues of large-scale analysis,low data precision,and the inability to rely on network map Application Programming Interface(API)for evaluating road network planning solutions.To address these problems,this study proposes a micro-parcel comprehensive service facility accessibility evaluation method suitable for planning scheme assessment.The study area is divided into 565 micro-parcels based on land use characteristics.Population distribution in each parcel is calculated using the spatial distribution of actual residential buildings.A subway-bus weighted composite network model and a vehicle road network model are constructed based on real road network data,and the travel time calculation method is designed.Using an improved potential model,the accessibility of five types of facilities,including medical,educational,employment,commercial services,and cultural leisure facilities,for each parcel is precisely calculated,and their weights are combined to obtain the overall accessibility.Furthermore,the update of the transportation network based on the road network planning scheme is considered to evaluate its specific impact on accessibility.Results indicate a strong correlation between accessibility and the spatial distribution of service facilities and transportation networks.A rational layout of the public transit network can effectively mitigate disparities in accessibility distribution caused by differences in service facilities and road networks.Optimizing the road network significantly enhances accessibility levels,though the extent of improvement varies across different areas.Regions with higher facility density experience greater increases in accessibility.This evaluation method offers a new perspective and tools for the rational allocation of various public service facilities,planning and optimization of transportation networks,and enhancement of social equity within urban areas.

关 键 词：复合网络 微观地块 服务设施 可达性 潜力模型 

分 类 号：U293.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]