广西甘蔗种植行为、生产决策和成本收益的调查研究——基于258份蔗农调查问卷  

Survey and Research on Sugarcane Planting Behavior,Production Decision and Cost-benefit in Guangxi——Based on 258 Questionnaires for Sugarcane Farmers

作　　者：叶子楠 张忠鹏 刘晓雪[1] YE Zinan;ZHANG Zhongpeng;LIU Xiaoxue(School of Economics,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学经济学院,北京100048

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2024年第4期87-98,共12页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项经费资助(CARS-17)。

摘　　要：为深入探究广西植蔗农户种植行为、成本收益及其影响因素,2022/23年榨季基于258份广西农户问卷进行调查分析。调查表明:(1)蔗农呈老龄化、少数民族为主、大学学历偏少、农户对雇工依赖较大特征,老龄化蔗农单产低于中青年蔗农,参加新技术培训和新技术接受意愿低,不利于产业长远发展;(2)种植行为看,蔗农数量以种植规模小于3.33hm^(2)的为主、主栽品种以桂柳05136、桂糖42号、桂糖44号和桂糖46号为主、下种量为13.05 t/hm^(2)、1新2宿为主、种植行距多是1 m以上,不同规模农户总成本随着种植规模扩大逐渐下降,适度规模经营有助于降低总成本;(3)农资和劳动力成本持续增长、自然灾害频发、甘蔗收购价是影响甘蔗成本收益的主要因素,农户种植决策时,着重关注销售收入以及甘蔗与替代作物的比较收益,依靠科技创新、适当政策扶持和提高收购价格以稳定蔗农收入预期是糖业稳供的重点;(4)2022/23年榨季,广西甘蔗产业亏损主要是成本持续增长、极端气候频发影响单产,因此,增强产业自然风险抵御能力和节本增效为产业发展方向。In order to further explore the planting behavior,cost-benefit,and influencing factors of sugarcane farmers in Guangxi,a survey and analysis were conducted based on 258 questionnaires from Guangxi farmers during the 2022/23 crushing season.The survey shows that:Sugarcane farmers are characterized by aging population,mainly ethnic minorities,less college education,and greater dependence on hired workers.The yield of aging sugarcane farmers is lower than that of middle-aged and young sugarcane farmers,and their willingness to participate in new technology training and accept new technologies is low,which is not conducive to the long-term development of the industry.From the perspective of planting behavior,the number of sugarcane farmers is mainly those with a planting scale of less than 3.33 hm^(2),and the main varieties planted are Guiliu05136,Guitang42,Guitang44,and Guitang46.The planting amount per hectare is 13.05 tons,with one new and two lodging as the main crops.The planting row spacing is mostly more than 1 meter.The total cost of farmers of different scales gradually decreases with the expansion of planting scale,and moderate scale management can help reduce the total cost.The continuous increase in agricultural and labor costs,frequent natural disasters,and sugarcane purchase prices are the main factors affecting the cost-effectiveness of sugarcane.When farmers make planting decisions,they focus on sales revenue and the comparative benefits between sugarcane and alternative crops.Relying on technological innovation,appropriate policy support,and increasing purchase prices to stabilize sugarcane farmers' income expectations is the key to stabilizing sugar supply in the sugar industry.In the 2022/23 crushing season,the main reason for the losses in Guangxi's sugarcane industry was the continuous increase in costs and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather conditions affecting yield per unit.Therefore,enhancing the industry's ability to resist natural risks and reducing costs and increasing efficiency a

关 键 词：甘蔗产业 种植行为 成本收益 老龄化 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学] F302.6[经济管理—产业经济]