20世纪80年代机构养老领域的体制变迁——以北京地区为中心  

The Mechanism Change in the Field of Institutional Eldercare in the 1980s:with Beijing as the centre

作　　者：吕振宇 Lv Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《广东党史与文献研究》2024年第4期69-79,共11页

摘　　要：中国机构养老在改革开放后的变迁通常为学界概括成“社会福利社会化”的过程,这一说法遮蔽了20世纪80年代改革的诸多面向。面对日趋严峻的老龄化形势,民政部先后在北京的机构养老领域实施管理体制改革与运营机制改革,前者主要针对国有养老机构的内部结构弊端,试图在现有资源的基础上,通过提高职工效率和机构创收能力来消化日增的社会养老需求;后者则从国有养老机构的体制外部寻求新的增长点,进而在根本上推动了其性质的多元化变革。两者之间的本质区别说明,“社会福利社会化”的改革思路是一个根基于实践、逐渐形成的历史过程,而不是从一开始就明确的、贯穿改革全过程的目标。The evolution of institutional eldercare in China after the reform and opening-up is often summarized by academia as a process of “socialization of social welfare,” a term that obscures various aspects of the reforms in the 1980s.Facing the increasingly severe aging situation,the Ministry of Civil Af fairs has successively implemented management system reforms and operational mechanism reforms in the fi eld of institutional eldercare in Beijing.The former primarily targets the internal structural drawbacks of state-owned eldercare institutions,attempting to absorb the growing social demand for eldercare by improving staf f e ffi ciency and the institutions' revenue-generating capabilities based on existing resources.The latter,on the other hand,seeks new growth points from outside the system of state-owned eldercare institutions,ultimately driving a diversified transformation of their nature.The fundamental distinction between the two demonstrates that the reform idea of “socialization of social welfare” is a historical process rooted in practice and gradually formed,rather than a clear and consistent goal throughout the entire reform process from its inception.

关 键 词：改革开放 机构养老 社会福利社会化 北京地区 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学]