基于激光跟踪仪的机床误差快速测量方法  

Rapid error measurement method of machine tool based on laser tracker

作　　者：张相鹏 宋明山 孙永杰 田文杰 ZHANG Xiangpeng;SONG Mingshan;SUN Yongjie;TIAN Wenjie(Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,CHN;KEDE Numerical Control Company Limited,Dalian 116630,CHN)

机构地区：[1]机构理论与装备设计教育部重点实验室(天津大学),天津300350 [2]科德数控股份有限公司,辽宁大连116630

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2024年第10期124-129,共6页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

摘　　要：几何误差测量是机床几何精度评定的关键一环。现有的几何误差测量方法在测量效率、测量空间上存在着不同程度的弊端。为此,提出一种基于激光跟踪仪的机床误差快速测量方法。首先,通过测量机床工作空间中不共面的4个位置的坐标,实现机床坐标系和跟踪仪坐标系的对准;其次,通过测量机床直线轴行程内若干位置的坐标,求解出机床各直线轴的3项位置误差和各直线轴间的垂直度误差;再次,通过测量机床工作空间体对角线上若干点的位置坐标,实现机床空间误差的测量;最后,在一台卧式加工中心上和XM60多光束激光干涉仪进行了对比试验,结果表明两仪器测量得到的误差曲线具有较高的相似性。该方法为机床误差测量提供了新手段和新思路。Geometric error measurement is a key link to evaluate the geometric accuracy of machine tools.The existing geometric error measurement methods have different degrees of shortcomings in measurement efficiency and measurement space.Therefore,a rapid error measurement method of machine tool based on laser tracker is proposed.Firstly,the alignment of the machine tool coordinate system and the tracker coordinate system was realized by measuring the coordinates of four positions that were not coplanar in the machine tool workspace.Secondly,by measuring the coordinates of several positions in the stroke of the linear axis of the machine tool,the three position errors of each linear axis of the machine tool and the perpendicularity error between each linear axis were calculated.Thirdly,by measuring the position coordinates of several points on the diagonal of the machine tool working space,the machine tool space error was measured.Finally,a comparison experiment is carried out between a horizontal machining center with XM60 multi-beam laser interferometer,and the results show that the error curves measured by the two instruments have high similarity.This method provides a new method and a new idea for machine tool error measurement.

关 键 词：单轴误差 空间误差 误差测量 激光跟踪仪 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]