拟感、知觉场与“笛卡尔妖”--威廉·吉布森“矩阵三部曲”中的赛博空间解析  

Simstim,the Field of Perception and the“Cartesian Demon”Hoax:An Interpretation of Cyberspace in William Gibson's The Matrix Trilogy

作　　者：涂险峰[1] 王宛颍[1] Tu Xianfeng;Wang Wanying(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江学术》2024年第4期70-79,共10页Yangtze River Academic

摘　　要：在笛卡尔《第一哲学沉思集》所假设妖怪的骗局中,包含了一个特殊的超自然的知觉场,它的特殊性主要表现在知觉的显现与实物的缺场、知觉场的封闭性与被操控性等。威廉·吉布森在“矩阵三部曲”中通过拟感技术在赛博空间中“复现”了这一知觉场。它不仅将存在于理论中的假设性骗局引入现实维度,而且体现得更为丰富直观。赛博空间以“笛卡尔妖”同样的套路对人们的感官认知与理性认知构成系统性欺骗:知觉显现的“真实”造成人们感官认知的“轻信”;知觉显现指涉的不确定造成理性认知的陷阱,赛博空间的重新编码不断营造“数字复魅”的世界。资本推动之下,拟感技术与赛博空间全面渗透进日常生活,使得这一骗局进一步社会化并控制人们的认知行为,对人类正常认知造成破坏。于是,笛卡尔的怀疑精神再次显示出其在解决认知问题及批判资本主义幻觉政治方面的启迪意义。In Meditations on First Philosophy,Descartes postulates a magically powerful demon.And there is a special supernatural perceptual field involved in the demon's hoax.The particularity of the perceptual field is mainly manifested in the perceptual appearance and the absence of the real object,and the whole field of perception is closed and manipulated.In The Matrix Trilogy,William Gibson“reproduces”the perceptual field in cyberspace by means of simstim.It not only introduces this hypothetical hoax in theory into the reality dimension,but also embodies it more richly and intuitively.It systematically deceives people's sensory and rational perceptions in the same way as the“Cartesian demon”hoax:the“reality”of the appearance results in the credulity of people's sensory cognition;the indeterminacy of reference in the appearance leads to the trap of rational cognition;the re-encoding system in cyberspace builds up a digital re-enchanted world.Driven by Capital,the simstim and cyberspace infiltrate into people's daily life comprehensively.This makes the hoax more social and controls people's cognitive behavior,and it has greatly damaged people's normal cognition.So,Descartes's skepticism is still instructive in solving cognitive problems as wellas in criticizing the capitalist politics of hallucination.

关 键 词：拟感 知觉场 笛卡尔妖 矩阵三部曲 赛博空间 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]