从寒桓韵的演变再论明代官话南北之分--兼论《安南译语》的基础方言问题  

The Evolution of Han-Huan Rhymes(寒桓韵)and the Distinction Between Northern and Southern Mandarin in the Ming Dynasty:Also on the Basic Dialect of Annan Yiyu(《安南译语》)

作　　者：赵清泉 Zhao Qingquan(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江学术》2024年第4期117-128,共12页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“西南各民族及‘一带一路’邻国语言文字中汉字音的数字化整理与研究”(18ZDA296)。

摘　　要：寒桓韵是汉语史上较为特殊的韵部,从中古寒桓韵因舌齿音、喉牙音不同导致锐钝分立,到《中原音韵》时寒山韵与桓欢韵的对立,再到明清时期寒山与桓欢主元音合流,其实质是主元音■/o> a不断前化的历程。从中古近代重要韵书以及方言材料的寒韵系字的表现来看,寒桓锐钝分立现象在南方方言中存在范围更为广泛。再以《安南译语》寒桓韵对音汉字为基础进行分析,可发现直至明中后期该现象仍然保持,更说明其可作为区分近代南北系官话的重要依据。结合近代韵书其他声韵特征综合分析,《安南译语》与南系官话具有密切关系。Han-Huan rhyme is a special rhyme section in the history of Chinese phonology.Its evolution begins with the results in the separation of acute and grave sounds due to the differences between dental-alveolar consonants and velar-laryngeal consonants in the Middle Chinese.In the writing stages of Zhongyuan Yinyun(《中原音韵》),it begins to appear phonological contrast between Han-Shan rhymes(寒山韵)and Huan-Huan rhymes(桓欢韵).And in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the main vowels of Han-Shan rhymes and Huan-Huan rhymes have merged.To sum up,in essence,it is a process of the main vowels p/o>a moving forward continuously.Research on the important rhyme books in the Middle and Modern Chinese and the presentation of the Han rhyme series in the dialectal materials supports that the phenomenon of the separation of acute and grave in Han-Huan rhymes is more widespread in the southern dialects of China,and it even remained until the middle and late Ming Dynasty,based on the analysis of the transliterated Chinese characters of Han-Huan rhymes in Annan Yiyu.It can be further explained that we can use it as an important basis for distinguishing modern northern and southern Mandarin.Combined with study on other phonological features of modern rhyme books,this paper shows that Annan Yiyu has a close relationship with southern Mandarin.

关 键 词：寒桓韵 锐钝分立 《安南译语》 南系官话 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] H172[历史地理—中国史]