轴流泵流致振动、机械激励及驱动端激振特性试验研究  

Research on flow-induced vibration,mechanical excitation,and motor drive end excitation characteristics of axial flow pump

作　　者：张文奇 代路 柳勇 杨帅[1] 吴大转[1] ZHANG Wenqi;DAI Lu;LIU Yong;YANG Shuai;WU Dazhuan(School of Energy Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Key Laboratory of Thermal Power Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学能源工程学院,杭州310027 [2]热能动力技术重点实验室,武汉430205

出　　处：《流体机械》2024年第9期1-7,83,共8页Fluid Machinery

基　　金：热能动力技术重点实验室开放基金项目(TPL2021A01);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51839010)。

摘　　要：为了建立多种激励源特性与轴流泵机体输出振动特性之间的关联性,针对轴流泵开展了流致振动、机械激励及驱动端激振特性试验研究,通过采集不同激励源的激励特性,并与机体输出振动特征进行频谱对比分析,获得流致振动、机械激励及电机驱动端激振所贡献的振动频谱及其变化规律。结果表明,机械激励的主要诱因为转子不对中与碰摩,振动频率特征主要集中于1倍转频;流致振动的主要诱因为泵动静干涉和周期性流动现象,振动频率特征主要集中于2倍转频、叶频及其高次谐波;电机驱动端激振的诱因为高频磁通,振动频率特征为900 Hz以上的高频振动;各激振源分别贡献不同频段、不同幅值的振动,并最终形成多激振源耦合形式的振动输出;流致振动和机械激励的激振幅值对转速表现出明显的敏感性,随着转速下降而迅速下降;电机驱动端激振幅值则随着分析位置与电机的距离增大而迅速衰减。研究结果可为后续的轴流泵减振降噪优化提供理论支撑。To establish the correlation between the characteristics of various excitation sources and the output vibration characteristics of axial flow pump bodies,an experimental research was conducted on the axial flow pump with focus on flowinduced vibrations,mechanical excitations,and driving end excitation characteristics.By collecting the excitation characteristics under different sources and comparing them spectrally with the output vibration features of the pump bodies,the vibration spectra contributed by flow-induced vibrations,mechanical excitations,and motor-drive end excitations,along with their variation rules,were obtained.The results show that the primary cause of mechanical excitation is identified as rotor misalignment and rubbing,with vibration frequency characteristics predominantly centered at the 1×rotational frequency.Flow-induced vibrations are mainly attributed to interactions between stationary and rotating parts and periodic flow phenomena,and the vibration frequency characteristics are primarily concentrated at 2×rotational frequency,blade passing frequency,and its higher harmonics.Excitations at the motor driving end are found to result from high-frequency magnetic flux,and the vibration frequencies are characterized by above 900 Hz.Each excitation source contributes vibrations of differing frequency bands and amplitudes,collectively forming a coupled vibration output from multiple excitation sources.The vibration amplitudes induced by mechanical excitation and flowinduced vibrations exhibit a marked sensitivity to rotational speed,decreasing rapidly as the speed decreases.Meanwhile,the amplitude of motor-drive end excitation decays swiftly with increasing distance from the analysis position to the motor.These findings can provide theoretical support for subsequent optimization of vibration reduction and noise control in axial flow pumps.

关 键 词：轴流泵 流致振动 机械激励 驱动端激振 泵振动特性 

分 类 号：TH311[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]