最低工资、行业收入差距与共同富裕  

Minimum Wage,Sector Income Gap,and Common Prosperity

作　　者：贾东岚 陈子涵 Jia Donglan;Chen Zihan(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院 [2]中国劳动和社会保障科学研究院

出　　处：《调研世界》2024年第10期3-12,共10页The World of Survey and Research

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金一般项目“新科技革命时代产业工人相对贫困的形成机制与多维治理研究”(23BSH008)的资助。

摘　　要：本文使用2003—2022年全国各省(区、市)面板数据,考察了最低工资标准制度对行业收入差距的影响。实证分析表明,最低工资标准的提高会显著缩小行业收入差距,且通过稳健性检验和滞后影响处理内生性问题后,结论依然稳健。影响机制分析表明,最低工资标准调整降低行业总人数和提高部分劳动密集型行业的平均工资,进而影响行业工资收入差距。从异质性看,经济发达地区缩小行业间收入差距的作用较弱。同时,随着地区劳动生产率的提高,最低工资缩小收入差距的作用会被削弱。因此,建议相关部门统筹考虑地区企业和劳动者利益关系,采取鼓励提高劳动者技能水平、出台适当优惠政策支持小微企业等配套措施,充分发挥最低工资制度的“提低”效用,使其成为实现共同富裕的有力工具。This article uses the panel data of various provinces in China from 2003 to 2022 to examine the impact of the minimum wage standard system on sector income gap.Empirical analysis shows that an increase in the minimum wage standard will significantly narrow the income gap in sectors,and the conclusion remains robust after robustness testing and addressing endogeneity issues through lagged effects.The impact mechanism analysis indicates that the adjustment of the minimum wage standard reduces the total number of employees in the sector and increases the average wage in some labor-intensive industries,thereby affecting the wage income gap in the sectors.From the perspective of heterogeneity,the role of economically developed regions in narrowing the income gap between industries is relatively weak.Meanwhile,as regional labor productivity increases,the role of the minimum wage in narrowing the income gap will be weakened.Therefore,it is suggested that relevant departments should comprehensively consider the interests of regional enterprises and workers,adopt supporting measures such as encouraging the improvement of worker skills and providing appropriate preferential policies to support small and micro enterprises,fully leverage the effect of the minimum wage system,and make it a powerful tool for achieving common prosperity.

关 键 词：最低工资 行业工资收入差距 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学] F063.6