有机硅改性酚醛树脂气凝胶及其复合材料的制备与性能  

Preparation and Properties of Organosilicon Modified Phenolic Resin Aerogels and Their Composites

作　　者：邵忠武 张魁宝 周琳 李博 王春雅 张军[2] SHAO Zhongwu;ZHANG Kuibao;ZHOU Lin;LI Bo;WANG Chunya;ZHANG Jun(State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan,China;China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川绵阳621010 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《西南科技大学学报》2024年第3期1-8,41,共9页Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-“叶企孙”联合基金项目(U2341239);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0031)。

摘　　要：纤维增强酚醛树脂气凝胶复合材料由于其低密度、低导热和优异的热稳定性而在高温热防护领域备受关注。为满足日益苛刻的热防护服役环境,通过水解法原位共聚将硅烷链段引入酚醛树脂,制备了一种具有优异抗氧化和耐烧蚀性能的硅改性酚醛气凝胶,并将其与石英纤维复合,得到纤维增强杂化酚醛气凝胶复合材料。性能测试表明:在1300℃丁烷火焰下处理15 s后,纤维增强杂化酚醛气凝胶复合材料质量烧蚀率为0.0879 g/s,线性烧蚀率为0.0347 mm/s,对比纯酚醛气凝胶复合材料分别下降了52.0%和15.6%;在40 kW石英灯下加热20 min后,质量烧蚀率为0.230 g/min,线性烧蚀率为0.051 mm/min,对比纯酚醛气凝胶复合材料分别下降了57.9%和67.3%。结果显示硅烷链段的引入提高了复合材料的抗氧化性能和耐烧蚀性能,该纤维增强杂化酚醛气凝胶复合材料在航空航天热防护领域具有广阔的应用前景。Fiber-reinforced phenolic resin aerogel composites have attracted much attention in the field of high-temperature thermal protection due to their low density,low thermal conductivity,and excellent thermal stability.In order to meet the increasingly demanding thermal protection service environment,a silane chain segment was introduced into phenolic resin through in situ copolymerization by hydrolysis,a silane-modified phenolic aerogel with excellent oxidation and ablation resistance was prepared,and it was composited with quartz fibers to obtain fiber-reinforced hybrid phenolic aerogel composites.The performance test showed that after 15 s of treatment under 1300℃butane flame,the mass ablation rate of fiber-reinforced hybridized phenolic aerogel composites was 0.0879 g/s,and the linear ablation rate was 0.0347 mm/s,which were 52.0%and 15.6%lower than that of the pure phenolic aerogel composites,respectively;After heating under a 40 kW quartz lamp for 20 min,the mass ablation rate was 0.230 g/min and the linear ablation rate was 0.051 mm/min,which decreased by 57.9%and 67.3%,respectively,compared with the pure phenolic aerogel composites.The results show that the introduction of silane chain segments greatly improves the oxidation and ablation resistance performance of the material,and this fiber-reinforced hybrid phenolic aerogel composite has a broad application prospect in the field of aerospace thermal protection.

关 键 词：有机硅改性酚醛树脂 纤维复合材料 热防护 

分 类 号：TQ32[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]