共热解生物炭对农田土壤镉污染修复及水稻吸收和积累镉的影响  

Effects of Co-pyrolysis Biochar on Remediation of Cadmium Pollution in Farmland Soil and Absorption and Accumulation of Cadmium in Rice

作　　者：陈伟 俞倩 叶正钱[3] 石艳平 CHEN Wei;YU Qian;YE Zhengqian;SHI Yanping(Jiashan County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Jiashan 314100,Zhejiang,China;Agriculture and Rural Office of Dayun Town,Jiashan County,Jiashan 314113,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang A&F University/Key Laboratory of Bioremediation of Soil Pollution in Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China;Jiaxing Soil Fertilizer Plant Protection and Rural Energy Station,Jiaxing 314050,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉善县农业农村局,浙江嘉善314100 [2]嘉善县大云镇农业农村办,浙江嘉善314113 [3]浙江农林大学/浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室,杭州311300 [4]嘉兴市土肥植保与农村能源站,浙江嘉兴314050

出　　处：《农学学报》2024年第9期17-23,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划项目“非粮化耕地障碍因子消减及快速复耕技术-非粮化耕地复耕培肥提质关键技术研发及推广示范”(2022C02022);“2023年嘉善县大云镇高标准农田改造提升(绿色农田)土壤改良项目”(A3304210580001044);嘉兴市科技计划项目“农田重金属污染土壤原位治理关键技术研究与应用”(2021AZ10009)。

摘　　要：农田土壤镉(Cd)污染严重影响耕地质量和粮食安全,通过制备和应用共热解生物炭探究其对水稻吸收和积累Cd及改良土壤效果,以期为农田土壤Cd污染修复提供新材料。通过田间试验探究花生壳-玉米秸秆共热解生物炭的3种不同添加量对水稻各器官中Cd转运迁移特性及生物有效性的影响。结果表明:施用共热解生物炭可以降低水稻籽粒中Cd的积累,减少对水稻植株的毒害作用,增加土壤肥力并促进水稻植株生长。与不添加共热解生物炭相比,生物炭处理土壤pH提高0.06~0.12个单位,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别增加37.20%~78.27%、49.62%~134.10%、20.79%~35.26%。添加共热解生物炭后土壤中有效态Cd含量显著下降11.11%~26.98%(P<0.05),水稻籽粒中Cd含量显著降低23.46%~47.49%(P<0.05)。田间应用花生壳—玉米秸秆共热解生物炭能够提高土壤肥力,改善土壤环境质量,降低水稻籽粒Cd含量,其中用量为15 t/hm^(2)时效果最为显著。Cadmium(Cd)pollution in farmland soil seriously affects the quality of cultivated land and food security.To provide new materials for the remediation of Cd pollution in farmland soil,the effects of co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd absorption and accumulation in rice and soil improvement were investigated by preparation and application of co-pyrolysis biochar.Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of three different amounts of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd transport and migration characteristics and bioavailability in various organs of rice.The results showed that the application of co-pyrolysis biochar could reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice grains,reduce the toxicity to rice plants,increase soil fertility and promote the growth of rice.Compared with no co-pyrolysis biochar addition,the soil pH of biochar treatment increased by 0.06-0.12 units,and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 37.20%-78.27%,49.62%-134.10%and 20.79%-35.26%,respectively.After adding co-pyrolysis biochar,the available Cd content in soil decreased significantly by 11.11%-26.98%(P<0.05),and the Cd content in rice grain decreased significantly by 23.46%-47.49%(P<0.05).The application of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar in the field can improve soil fertility,soil environmental quality,and reduce Cd content in rice grains.The effect was most significantly when the amount of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar was 15 t/hm^(2).

关 键 词：粮食安全 土壤重金属污染 生物炭 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S156.99[农业科学—土壤学]