面向鱼类产卵繁殖的人造洪峰生态调度实践——以金沙江下游-三峡梯级水库为例  

Ecological Operation Practice of Artificial Flood Peak for Fish Spawning——Taking the Lower Jinsha River-Three Gorges Cascade Reservoirs as an Example

作　　者：龚文婷 李帅 姜伟 曹瑞 朱文丽 邢龙 GONG Wen-ting;LI Shuai;JIANG Wei;CAO Rui;ZHU Wen-li;XING Long(River Basin Complex Administration Center,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443133,Hubei Province,China;Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443100,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司流域枢纽运行管理中心,湖北宜昌443133 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司中华鲟研究所,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第10期65-72,共8页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52109024);国家自然科学基金长江联合基金项目(U2340205、U2040218)。

摘　　要：2011-2023年,金沙江下游-三峡梯级水库共开展了20次面向鱼类产卵繁殖的人造洪峰生态调度试验,在取得良好试验成效的同时积累了大量的经验。为系统梳理多年来的生态调度试验成效及经验,详细介绍了金沙江下游-三峡梯级水库人造洪峰生态调度试验的原理、要点、监测评价方法,回顾了历年调度试验开展情况,总结了调度经验并对未来优化方向进行了展望。结果表明,金下-三峡梯级水库人造洪峰生态调度试验有效促进了长江干流产漂流性卵鱼类产卵繁殖,其中三峡水库促进坝下代表性产漂流性卵鱼类——四大家鱼自然产卵繁殖效果最为显著。截至2023年,长江中游四大家鱼累计总产卵规模达382.5亿粒。在多年生态调度和十年禁渔计划等工作的共同推动下,四大家鱼资源量基本接近20世纪80年代水平。然而,受气候变化、鱼类产卵及发育特性变化、产卵场变化等因素的影响,人造洪峰生态调度试验需要在调度过程优化、调度效果评价、调度效果提升等方面开展针对性地优化调整。相关结果可为变化环境下相似流域开展面向鱼类产卵繁殖的人造洪峰生态调度试验提供参考。From 2011 to 2023,a total of 20 ecological operation experiments of artificial flood peak were conducted in the Lower Jinsha River-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs,focusing on the fish spawning,and a lot of experience was accumulated while achieving good experiments results.In order to systematically figure out the effectiveness and experience of the ecological operation experiments of artificial flood peak over the years,this paper takes the Lower Jinsha River-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs as an example.First,the principles,key points,monitoring and evaluation methods of the ecological operation experiments of artificial flood peak were introduced.Second,the development of operation experiments over the years was reviewed.Finally,the operation experience was summarized and the future optimal direc tion was proposed.The results showed that the ecological operation experiments of artificial flood peak in the Lower Jinsha River-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs effectively promoted the spawning of fishes spawning drifting eggs in the Yangtze River.The effect of promoting the natural spawning of the representative fishes spawning drifting eggs——the four major Chinese carps under the dam is the most significant in the Three Gorges Reservoir.By 2023,the total spawning scale of the four major Chinese carps in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River reached 38.25 billion.Under the joint promotion of multi-year ecological operation practice and 10-year fishing ban plan,the fish resources of the four major Chinese carps is close to the level of the 1980s.However,under the influence of climate change,fish spawning and developmental characteristics change,spawning ground change and other factors,the ecological operation experiments of artificial flood peak need to carry out targeted optimization and adjustment in the aspects of operation process optimization,operation effect evaluation,and operation effect improvement.The results can provide a reference for the ecological operation of artificial flood peak for fish spawn

关 键 词：金沙江下游-三峡梯级水库 生态调度 产漂流性卵鱼类 人造洪峰 生态效益 

分 类 号：TV697.11[水利工程—水利水电工程]