一只流浪犬体表寄生蜱的种类鉴定及其携带病原体的检测与分析  

Identification of Species of Parasitic Ticks from a Stray Dog and Detection and Analysis of Tick-borne Pathogens

作　　者：朱金玲 林俊宏 包银莉 黄剑梅[2,3] 黄翠琴 ZHU Jinling;LIN Junhong;BAO Yinli;HUANG Jianmei;HUANG Cuiqin(College of Animal Science(School of Apicology),Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Life Science,Longyan University,Longyan 364012,China;Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis of Fujian Province University,Longyan 364012,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学动物科学学院(蜂学学院),福州350002 [2]龙岩学院生命科学学院,龙岩364012 [3]动物源性人兽共患病防控福建省高校工程研究中心,龙岩364012

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2024年第10期4465-4475,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：福建省蜱种鉴定及蜱传疾病的检测(0000290419)。

摘　　要：【目的】鉴定一只来自浙江嘉兴的流浪犬体表寄生的蜱种类及其携带病原体情况,了解血红扇头蜱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)的生活史及其携带的病原体对人和动物的危害,为后续防治相关疾病提供措施。【方法】分别采用光学显微镜观察和PCR方法对蜱进行形态学和分子种类鉴定;同时分别针对梨形虫目和巴贝斯虫属的18S rRNA、斑点热群立克次氏体ompA、埃立希体dsb和伯氏疏螺旋体5S~23S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增,检测蜱携带病原体情况。【结果】从该流浪犬体表采集的82只蜱均为血红扇头蜱,其中24只蜱携带泰勒虫属,阳性率为29.27%(24/82);4只携带Colpodella sp.,阳性率为4.88%(4/82);2只携带巴贝斯虫属,阳性率为2.44%(2/82);21只携带斑点热群立克次氏体,阳性率为25.61%(21/82);15只携带埃立希体,阳性率为18.29%(15/82);未发现有蜱携带伯氏疏螺旋体。在单只蜱中检出的病原体数量和种类都各不同,其中有24只蜱仅携带1种病原体;12只蜱同时携带2种病原体;6只蜱同时携带3种病原体;有40只蜱未携带所检病原体。【结论】该流浪犬体表寄生的蜱为血红扇头蜱,其携带了泰勒虫属、巴贝斯虫属、斑点热群立克次氏体、埃立希体多种病原体,可对人和动物造成较大的威胁,应加强对该地区蜱的防控,尤其是加强对流浪犬的管理。【Objective】This study was aimed to identify the species of ticks that parasitized on the body surface of a stray dog from Jiaxing,Zhejiang,and its pathogen carrying status,and to understand the life cycle of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the harm of the pathogens to humans and animals,so as to provide follow-up control measures for related diseases.【Method】The morphology and molecular species of ticks were identified by optical microscopy and PCR.At the same time,18S rRNA gene of Pyriformida and Babesia,ompA gene of spotted fever group Rickettsia,dsb gene of Ehrlichia and 5S-23S rRNA gene of Borrelia burgdorferi were amplified by PCR to detect the pathogens carried by ticks.【Result】The 82 ticks collected from the stray dog were all Rhipicephalus sanguineus,of which 29.27%(24/82)were positive for Theileria,4.88%(4/82)were positive for Colpodella sp.,2.44%(2/82)were positive for Babesia,25.61%(21/82)were positive for spotted fever group Rickettsia,and 18.29%(15/82)were positive for Ehrlichia,and no ticks were found to carry Borrelia burgdorferi.The number and variety of pathogens detected in a single tick were varied,among which 24 ticks carried only one pathogen,12 ticks carried two pathogens simultaneously,6 ticks carried 3 pathogens simultaneously,and 40 ticks did not carry the pathogens tested.【Conclusion】The ticks parasitizing on the body surface of this stray dog were all Rhipicephalus sanguineus,which carried a variety of pathogens such as Tyleria,Babesia,spotted fever group Rickettsia and Ehrlichia,which could pose a great threat to humans and animals.The prevention and control of ticks in this area should be strengthened,especially the management of stray dogs.

关 键 词：流浪犬 血红扇头蜱 梨形虫 埃立希体 伯氏疏螺旋体 斑点热群立克次氏体 

分 类 号：S852.746[农业科学—基础兽医学]