边散型多民族“大杂居—小聚居”村庄的均衡自治——以甘肃省L村为例  

The Balanced Autonomy of the Scattered Multi-ethnic Villages with“Big Mixed Inhabitation and Small Settlement”——A Case Study of L Village in Gansu Province

作　　者：赵双龙 Zhao Shuanglong(Institute of China Rural Studies,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国农村研究院

出　　处：《政治人类学评论》2024年第1期259-324,I0006,364-371,共75页Political Anthropology Review

摘　　要：村民直接选举村民委员会(村民选举,下同)改变了村庄治理人的产生方式,扩大了治理人的来源。在一个较长的历史时期内,甘肃省L村各村民小组和各民族之中都有人能够当选村干部,这一现象即为“均衡当选”。L村村庄的地理环境、生产方式、生活习惯、历史、文化等要素综合形成的边散性导致村民小组的集中与独立,推动产生了“均衡当选”的基层选举现象。村干部的“均衡当选”意味着各村民小组的“均衡自治”,能够带来多村民小组和多民族村民的参与,提高村民直接选举和参与其他基层公共事务的积极性。Villagers'autonomy is a great creation of the Chinese people.The emergence and development of villagers'committee plays an important role in villagers'self-governance.The election of the village committee has changed the way of the generation of the village administrators and expanded the sources of the administrators.L Village is a typical border-scattered village,in 1989 according to the relevant laws of the country to implement the villagers'autonomy.Through observation,it is found that in a long historical period,there are people in every village group and every ethnic group who can be elected as village cadres.From the sense of political science,this political phenomenon can be called"balanced election"of village cadres.In the grassroots society,village cadres directly conduct village governance.Therefore the""balanced election"of village cadres means the"balanced autonomy"of each village group.How did"balanced autonomy"come into being in L Village?What kind of governance effect does it have in village governance?It is the problem consciousness of this paper.This paper selects L Village in Gansu Province as a case study,takes the implementation of the villagers'election system as the starting point,interviews with village cadres,resident cadres and villagers as clues,and combined with relevant laws involving the villagers'committees,and tries to analyze the origin of"balanced autonomy"from the inside of the village with geographical environment and structural factors.Through investigation,it is found that the village studied in this paper is a typical scattered village.The geographical environment,production mode,living habits and historical factors of the village make the distribution of the village groups relatively dispersed,and the village groups show six blockers.Geographical environment,production mode,living habits,historical factors and so on strengthened the cohesion of a single village.From the village as a whole,the villagers'groups are scattered.However,from the perspective of the villagers'group

关 键 词：均衡当选 均衡自治 村民选举 村民自治 基层治理 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] C95[政治法律—国际共产主义运动] C912.82[社会学—民族学]