山地不同养殖模式对肉鹅生产性能和健康状况的影响  

Effects of different farming patterns on growth performance and health status of meat geese in mountainous areas

作　　者：李健华 邓庆生 彭中友 支锐 李洪林 陈颖 桂国弘 李珊珊 LI Jianhua;DENG Qingsheng;PENG Zhongyou;ZHI Rui;LI Honglin;CHEN Ying;GUI Guohong;LI Shanshan(Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture,Guiyang 551499,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州农业职业学院,贵阳551499

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第18期58-63,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：贵州省科技厅支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般158);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般098)。

摘　　要：为了研究山地环境下有利于提高肉鹅生产性能的养殖模式,试验采用记录数据、绘制曲线、模型分析、血液生化指标检测及免疫球蛋白和肌肉脂肪酸含量测定等方法,对42日龄肉鹅在网养、平养和放养三种养殖模式下的生产性能和健康状况进行了比较。结果表明:以时间为协变量的一般线性模型分析可知肉鹅的平均体重和平均饲料消耗受养殖模式的影响比较大,且差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。放养模式下,鹅的平均饲料消耗最高,尿素氮(BUN)、三酰甘油(TG)、肌酐(Crea)、尿酸(Ua)、血糖(GLU)和总胆固醇(TCHO)显著低于其他养殖模式(P<0.05),IgG和IgM含量显著高于其他养殖模式(P<0.05),IgA含量显著高于网养模式(P<0.05);网养、平养和放养模式下鹅的速生区间最大日龄分别为60.81日龄、85.25日龄和81.78日龄;网养模式下鹅胸肌的反-9-棕榈油酸(C16:1T)含量显著高于其他两种模式(P<0.05),油酸(C18:1N9C)、异油酸(C18:1N7)、花生四烯酸(C20:4N6)、顺-7,10,13,16-二十二碳四烯酸(C22:4)、神经酸(C24:1)含量显著高于平养模式(P<0.05),山嵛酸(C22:0)显著高于放养组(P<0.05);各养殖模式腿肌的脂肪酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明放养的鹅具有较好的机体免疫能力和健康水平;网养的鹅养殖空间相对较小,养殖周期短,节约饲料成本,并且鹅肉中能够预防人类心血管疾病、抑制致癌物质活性、修复神经系统损伤、降低2型糖尿病和代谢异常疾病风险的有益脂肪酸显著高于其他养殖模式,更加有利于山地环境下肉鹅生产性能的提高。In order to study the breeding mode which was beneficial to improve the production performance of meat geese in mountain environment,the production performance and health status of 42-day-old meat geese under three breeding modes(net rearing,flat rearing and free range rearing)were studied by recording data,curve drawing,model analysis,blood biochemical examination,serological detection and muscle fatty acid content determination.The results were as follows:the general linear model analysis with time as the covariable showed that the average weight and average feed consumption of meat geese were greatly influenced by the breeding mode,and the difference was significant or extremely significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In the free-range mode,the average feed consumption of geese was the highest,on the contrary,urea nitrogen(BUN),triglyceride(TG),creatinine(Crea),uric acid(Ua),blood glucose(GLU)and total cholesterol(TCHO)were significantly lower than those in other breeding modes(P<0.05);the contents of IgG and IgM were significantly higher than those in other breeding modes(P<0.05),and the IgA content was significantly higher than that in net culture mode(P<0.05).The maximum age of geese in the“fast-growing interval”under the net-raising,flat-raising and stocking modes were 60.81 days old,85.25 days old and 81.78 days old,respectively.The contents of trans-9-palmitoleic acid(C16:1T)in goose breast muscle in net culture mode were significantly higher than those in other two modes(P<0.05),and the contents of oleic acid(C18:1N9C),isooleic acid(C18:1N7),arachidonic acid(C20:4N6),cis-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid,and nervonic acid(C24:1)were significantly higher than those in flat culture mode(P<0.05),behenic acid(C22:0)was significantly higter that in the stocking group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the fatty acid content of leg muscles in each culture mode(P>0.05).The results indicated that the free-range geese had good immune ability and health level.The breeding space of geese in net culture was re

关 键 词：山地 养殖模式 鹅 网养 平养 放养 免疫 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S815.2[农业科学—畜牧学]