马铃薯渣替代玉米颗粒对新疆褐牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵指标及经济效益的影响  

Effects of replacing corn pellets with potato residue on growth performance,rumen fermentation indexes,and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle

作　　者：田莹俏 赵妍 张欣雨 张浩[3] TIAN Yingqiao;ZHAO Yan;ZHANG Xinyu;ZHANG Hao(Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Yili Vocational and Technical College,Yining 839300,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]伊犁职业技术学院,新疆伊宁839300

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2024年第18期97-103,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2022D01D10);新疆兵团十二师重大科技项目(SRS2022012,SR2020001,SR202101);新疆兵团揭榜挂帅项目(SRS2022001)。

摘　　要：为了解马铃薯渣替代玉米颗粒对新疆褐牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵指标及经济效益的影响,试验采用单因素试验设计,将80头22月龄、体重为(250±15)kg的新疆褐牛随机分为4组,每组20头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别以2.00%、4.00%、6.00%马铃薯渣等量替代日粮中玉米颗粒配制全混合日粮,对照组不用马铃薯渣替代。试验期100 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期90 d。在正试期每隔30 d统计平均干物质采食量、平均日增重及料重比;第0,90天测量体尺指标;第0,30,60,90天通过口腔采集瘤胃液样品用于检测瘤胃发酵指标,空腹采集颈静脉血并分离血清,检测血清中总蛋白质量浓度及尿素氮、葡萄糖浓度;计算试验期间的经济效益。结果表明:31~60 d,试验Ⅰ组干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);61~90 d,试验Ⅰ组干物质采食量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);整个试验期间,试验Ⅰ组平均日增重显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),全期总增重显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.01),料重比显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。各组间体高、体斜长、胸围、腹围等体尺指标及瘤胃pH值和乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、挥发性脂肪酸及氨态氮质量浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验第90天,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清中尿素氮浓度显著低于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组利润高于对照组,其中试验Ⅰ组利润最高。说明马铃薯渣替代玉米颗粒可提高肉牛的平均日增重、全期总增重,降低料重比,对肉牛的体尺指标、瘤胃发酵指标及血清总蛋白质量浓度和葡萄糖浓度无显著影响,但能获得较好的养殖收益,在本试验条件下推荐替代比例为2.00%。To investigate the effects of replacing corn pellets with potato residue on the growth performance,rumen fermentation indexes and economic benefits of Xinjiang Brown cattle,a total of 8022-month-old Xinjiang Brown cattle with similar body weight([250±15]kg)were randomly divided into four groups with 20 cattle in each group by single factor experimental design.The total mixed diets in the groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢwere prepared by replacing corn pellets with 2.00%,4.00%,and 6.00%potato residue,respectively,while the diets in the control group were not replaced by potato residue.The test period was 100 d,including 10 d of pre-test period and 90 d of main test period.During the test period,the average dry matter intake,average daily gain and feed to gain ratio were calculated every 30 days,and the body size indicators were measured on days 0 and 90.On days 0,30,60 and 90,rumen fluid samples were collected from the oral cavity for the detection of rumen fermentation parameters,and jugular blood was collected in the fasting period and serum was separated to test the mass concentration of total protein,urea nitrogen and glucose concentration in serum;the economic benefits during the trial period were calculated.The results showed that the dry matter intake in the experimental groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in the control group from 31 to 60 d(P<0.05),and the difference between the experimental groupsⅡandⅢand the control group was not significant(P>0.05);the dry matter intake in the experimental groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in the other groups from 61 to 90 d(P<0.05).During the whole experimental period,the average daily weight gain in the experimental groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05);the total weight gain of the whole period was significantly higher than that in the experimental groupⅡ(P<0.05),and very significantly higher than that in the control group and the experimental groupⅢ(P<0.01),and the feed to weight ratio was significantly lower than that in the

关 键 词：马铃薯渣 玉米颗粒 新疆褐牛 生长性能 瘤胃发酵 经济效益 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]