重庆春见和沃柑果园叶片黄化原因分析  

Analysis of the causes of leaf yellowing in Harumi and Orah mandarins in Chongqing

作　　者：李群贞 阮科 朱礼乾 曹婷婷 凌丽俐[1] 彭良志[1] 淳长品[1] LI Qunzhen;RUAN Ke;ZHU Liqian;CAO Tingting;LING Lili;PENG Liangzhi;CHUN Changpin(Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center,Chongqing,400712,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Shunqing District,Nanchong,Sichuan,637002,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Dongpo District,Meishan,Sichuan,620010,China;Agriculture and Rural Commission of Yunyang County,Chongqing,404100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所/国家柑桔工程技术研究中心,重庆400712 [2]四川省南充市顺庆区农业农村局,四川南充637002 [3]四川省眉山市东坡区农业农村局,四川眉山620010 [4]云阳县农业农村委员会,重庆404100

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第5期37-42,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2021YFD1600805);国家现代农业(柑桔)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26-01A)资助。

摘　　要：重庆忠县、长寿和铜梁等地由甜橙高接换种的春见和沃柑,存在叶片黄化问题。为找出叶片黄化的主要原因,采集高换春见和沃柑正常园和黄化园的土壤和叶片样品,比较土壤理化性状、叶片矿质元素含量及叶片SPAD值,并对土壤理化性状、叶片SPAD值与叶片矿质营养的关系进行分析。结果表明,春见黄化园土壤pH均值(8.09)比正常园(6.89)显著高出17.42%,土壤有效铁含量(均值)显著低于正常园,交换性钙含量显著高于正常园,叶片铁含量显著低于正常园。沃柑黄化园土壤交换性钙含量高于正常园,有效铁含量显著低于正常园,叶片氮、硫、铁含量均值显著低于正常园。叶片SPAD值分别与叶片氮和叶片铁含量呈显著正相关,增强回归树分析显示叶片铁含量对叶片SPAD的贡献度最高(35.23%),其次为氮(22.29%)。排除自然灾害或病害等因素后,认为高换杂柑叶片黄化是因为土壤pH值和交换性钙较高,导致土壤有效铁含量降低,并抑制树体对Fe的吸收,最终引起叶片缺Fe黄化;另外,叶片N含量较低是导致沃柑黄化的因素之一。Leaf yellowing of Harumi and Orah mandarins top-grafted on sweet orange occurred in Zhongxian,Changshou,Tongliang of Chongqing.To find out the main causes of leaf etiolation,soil and leaf samples were collected from normal and etiolated orchards of Harumi and Orah.The soil physical and chemical properties,leaf mineral elements contents and leaf SPAD value were compared,and the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties,leaf SPAD value with leaf mineral nutrition was analyzed.The results showed that the average soil pH value(8.09)of the yellowing orchard of Harumi was significantly higher than that of the normal orchard(6.89),with the soil available iron content(average)significantly lower than that of the normal garden,the exchangeable calcium content significantly higher than that of the normal orchard,and the leaf iron content significantly lower than that of the normal garden.The content of soil exchangeable calcium in leaf yellowing Orah orchard was higher than that in normal orchard,with the content of available iron significantly lower than that in normal orchard,and the average content of nitrogen,sulfur and iron in leaves significantly lower than that in normal orchard.Leaf SPAD value was significantly positively correlated with leaf nitrogen and leaf iron content,respectively.The boosted regression trees analysis showed that the contribution of leaf iron content to leaf SPAD was 35.23%,which was the highest,followed by 22.29% of nitrogen.Excluding natural disasters or diseases factors,it was considered that the etiolation of leaves in top-grafted hybrid citrus orchard was due to the high soil pH value and exchangeable calcium,which led to the reduction of soil available iron content,and inhibited the absorption of Fe by trees,resulting in the etiolation of leaves.In addition,the low content of N in leaves was one of the factors leading to the etiolation of Orah.

关 键 词：高换杂柑 叶片黄化 矿质营养诊断 土壤 重庆 

分 类 号：S436.66[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]