鳄梨采前果实黑褐色病斑病原鉴定及田间药剂防治  

Identification of the pathogen causing pre-harvest dark brown spots on avocado and its fungicides control in field

作　　者：於浩然 吴婧波[1] 詹儒林 姚全胜[1] 李国平[1] 陈晶晶[1] 井敏敏 YU Haoran;WU Jingbo;ZHAN Rulin;YAO Quansheng;LI Guoping;CHEN Jingjing;JING Minmin(South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,CATAS/Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524091,China;Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan,611130,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan,571101,China;Sanya Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan,572025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带园艺产品采后生理与保鲜重点实验室/农业部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江524091 [2]四川农业大学,成都611130 [3]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海口571101 [4]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚572025

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第5期53-62,共10页South China Fruits

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院中央级科研院所基本业务费——“热带优稀果树(番石榴、番荔枝、油梨)种质资源创制与新品种选育”(1630062022001);农业农村部物种品种资源保护费项目(102125171630060009001)资助。

摘　　要：为明确位于广东省湛江市的中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所种质资源圃采前油梨果实表皮黑褐色病斑病原菌,采用组织分离法从病果上分离病原菌,采用形态学结合分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌,选取代表菌株进行油梨果实、叶片、茎干等部位致病性测定,并进行40%多菌灵悬浮液和25%嘧菌酯悬浮液对该病害的田间防治试验。结果表明,从15个油梨病果分离获得病原菌36株,根据形态学观察结合分子鉴定,将36株病原菌划分为刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum)的两个种,对两个种的代表菌株YLQ5-2和FNYG1进行多基因(ITS、GAPDH、CAL、TUB和ACT)系统发育分析,菌株YLQ5-2和菌株FNYG1分别与暹罗刺盘孢(Colletotrichum siamense)和果生刺盘孢(C.fructicola)聚为一支。致病性测定发现,刺伤状态下可引起油梨果实产生黑斑,无伤条件下即可导致油梨叶部发病,刺伤也无法使油梨茎干发病,表现出致病组织特异性。在油梨果实膨大期(7—9月)连续喷施25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂1500倍液和40%多菌灵悬浮剂500倍液3次防治该病害,防效均超过50%以上,其中,25%嘧菌酯的防效较高,达到87.1%。To investigate the pathogen causing black-brown spots on pre-harvest avocado in the germplasm resource nursery in South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,CATAS in Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province,pathogens were isolated from infected fruits using tissue isolation,and identified by morphological and molecular biology methods.The pathogenicity of the pathogen to the fruit,leaf and stem of avocado was tested.The field control effect of 40% carbendazim suspension and 25%azoxystrobin suspension on this disease was experimented.The results showed that 36 strains isolated from 15 samples were divided into two different species of Colletotrichum,based on morphological observation and molecular identification.Phylogenetic analysis of multigene(ITS,GAPDH,CAL,TUB,and ACT)showed that representative strain YLQ5-2 and FNYG1 was clustered with Colletotrichum siamense and C.fruticola,respectively.Pathogenicity tests indicated that punctured wounds could cause black spots on avocado fruit,and leaves of avocado could be infected without wounds,but stems of avocado could not be infected with punctured wounds,showing tissue specificity of the disease.The field control effects of continuous spraying with 1,500-fold solution of 25% azoxystrobin SC and 500-fold solution of 40% carbendazim SC for three times was above 50%,with better control effect of 87.1% by 1,500-fold solution of 25%azoxystrobin SC.

关 键 词：黑褐色病斑 油梨炭疽病 刺盘孢 致病性 多基因 防效 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]