10种药剂处理对杨梅凋萎病的防控效果评价  

Evaluation of the control efficacy of 10 pesticides on bayberry twig blight disease

作　　者：龚碧涯[1] 李先信[1] 刘慧 肖伏莲[1] 刘娟[1] 黄远龙 刘晗 GONG Biya;LI Xianxin;LIU Hui;XIAO Fulian;LIU Juan;HUANG Yuanlong;LIU Han(Hunan Horticultural Research Institute/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Fruit Trees in Central China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Changsha,Hunan,410125,China;Twin Village Professional Cooperative of Grape Farmers,Huaihua,Hunan,418000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省园艺研究所/农业农村部华中地区果树科学观测实验站,长沙410125 [2]怀化市双村葡萄种植农民专业合作社,湖南怀化418000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第5期101-105,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：湖南省市院科技合作专项(2022N1204);科技特派员服务乡村振兴项目(2022NK4222);湖南省水果产业技术体系项目(2022)资助。

摘　　要：为有效控制杨梅凋萎病发生,减少农残,保证果品安全,在湖南省通道县杨梅基地设置4月25日和5月10日(采果前)喷施0.5%小檗碱水剂500倍液等5种药剂各1次+7月5日(采果后)30%苯甲·咪鲜胺悬浮剂3000倍液等2种药剂1次,共10个药剂组合处理,比较不同药剂处理的病枝减退率、病情指数减退率和相对防效。结果表明,不同药剂处理的杨梅凋萎病的病枝减退率为15.29%~74.07%,相对防效为22.23%~80.00%。其中,杨梅成熟前喷施0.5%小檗碱水剂500倍液2次+采果后喷施30%苯甲·咪鲜胺悬浮剂3000倍液1次处理的防控效果最佳,其病枝减退率达到74.07%,相对防效达到80.00%;杨梅成熟前喷施0.5%小檗碱水剂500倍液2次+采果后喷施40%吡醚·戊唑醇悬浮剂3000倍液,防控效果次之,其病枝减退率为65.35%、相对防效为75.56%;其他处理的相对防效均低于55%。因此,杨梅生产上推荐在杨梅成熟前喷施0.5%小檗碱水剂500倍液,采果后喷施30%苯甲·咪鲜胺3000倍液防控杨梅凋萎病,以避免杨梅果实农残超标且达到较好防控效果。To effectively control the occurrence of bayberry twig blight disease,reduce the pesticide residues,and ensure the fruit safety,10 kinds of pesticides treatments were set up in the bayberry orchard in Tongdao County,Hunan Province.Five kinds of pesticides including 500-time solution of 0.5%berberine AS,were sprayed on 25 April and 10 May(before harvest),and 2 kinds of pesticides including 3,000-time solution of 30% difenoconazole-prochloraz suspension,were sprayed on 5 July(after harvest).The reduction rate of disease branches,the decline rate of disease index and the relative control effect of different pesticides were compared.The results showed that the reduction rate of disease branches treated with different pesticides ranged from 15.29%to 74.07%,and the relative control effect ranged from 22.23% to 80.00%.The treatment of spraying twice with 500-time solution of 0.5% berberine AS before harvest and spraying once with 3,000-time solution of 30%difenoconazole-prochloraz suspension after harvest had the best control effect,with the reduction rate of disease branches of 74.07%,and the relative control effect of 80.00%.The reduction rate of disease branches of the treatment sprayed twice with 500-time solution of 0.5% berberine water before harvest and spraying once with 3,000-time solution of 40% pyraclostrobin-tebuconazole suspension after harvest was 65.35%,and the relative control effect was 75.56%.The relative control effect of other treatments was lower than 55%.Therefore,it was recommended to spray 500-time solution of 0.5% berberine AS before harvest and spray once with 3,000-time solution of 30% difenoconazole-prochloraz suspension after harvest to control bayberry twig blight disease,so as to avoid excessive pesticide residues in bayberry and achieve better control effect.

关 键 词：杨梅凋萎病 生物菌剂 植物源农药 小檗碱 相对防效 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]