高钾型氮磷钾水溶肥对核桃生长发育和土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of high potassium type of water-soluble nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on growth and development of walnut and soil physicochemical properties

作　　者：司晓雨 冯启科 张文龙 陈奕可 张锐[3] 王红霞[1,2] 安秀红 SI Xiaoyu;FENG Qike;ZHANG Wenlong;CHEN Yike;ZHANG Rui;WANG Hongxia;AN Xiuhong(Hebei Mountainous Areas Research Institute,Hebei Agricultural University/Technology Innovation Center for Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province/National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas,Baoding,Hebei,071001,China;College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei,071001,China;School of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang,843300,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学河北省山区研究所/河北省山区农业技术创新中心/国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000 [3]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第5期117-123,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2200402);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326352D)资助。

摘　　要：为了研究不同时期及不同次数施用高钾型水溶肥对核桃叶片、果实品质及土壤理化性质等的影响,以“辽宁1号”核桃品种为试材,在树体萌芽期、果实膨大期、果实硬核期施入高钾型水溶肥,测定核桃叶片、果实和土壤相关指标。结果表明,在萌芽期、果实膨大期及果实硬核期3次施用高钾肥对叶片叶面积、叶绿素、可溶性糖、光合作用及全钾含量提高最多;果实膨大期及果实硬核期、萌芽期和果实膨大期的2次施肥处理下,叶片全氮和全磷含量最高;全磷含量在3次施肥与2次施肥处理下无显著性差异;在萌芽期、果实膨大期、果实硬核期3次施用高钾肥对坚果单果质量、脂肪含量及产量提高最多;果实硬核期1次施用高钾肥处理下黄酮、多酚含量提高最多,但多酚含量在果实膨大期、果实硬核期1次施肥,果实膨大期和果实硬核期2次施肥处理下差异不显著;在果实膨大期和果实硬核期2次施用高钾肥能有效提高土壤速效钾和全钾含量,有机质、全氮、全磷含量均在果实萌芽期和硬核期2次施肥处理时效果较好。综合各项指标,萌芽期、果实膨大期及硬核期3次施肥处理对叶片品质和坚果质量、脂肪含量提高最多,然而产量与2次施肥处理间无显著性差异;2次施肥处理下土壤有机质、速效钾、全氮、全钾含量较高。本试验表明,对于提高核桃仁品质而言,3次施肥效果较好;而对核桃产量及土壤理化性质来说,建议2次施肥。In order to study the influence of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer on walnut leaf,fruit quality and physicochemical properties of soil in different periods of time,Liaoning No.1 walnut variety was selected as test material.High potassium water-soluble fertilizer was applied in budding,fruit expansion and fruit hardcore stage,and the relevant indexes of walnut leaves,fruits and soil was then determined.The results showed that three applications of high potassium fertilizer in budding stage,fruit expansion stage and the fruit hardcore stage increased the leaf area,chlorophyll,soluble sugar,photosynthesis and total potassium content.The total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of leaf was the highest under two fertilization treatments during fruit expansion stage and fruit hardcore stage,germination stage and fruit expansion stage.There was no significant difference on total phosphorus content between three times and two times treatments of high potassium water-soluble fertilizer.Application of high potassium fertilizer in budding period,fruit expansion period,and fruit hardcore stage increased the nut fruit weight,fat content and yield most.The content of flavones and polyphenols were increased the most under one application of high potassium fertilizer during the hardcore stage.However,there was no significant difference on the content of polyphenol between one application of high potassium fertilizer during the fruit expansion stage,fruit hardcore stage with two applications of high potassium fertilizer during fruit expansion period and fruit hardcore period.Two applications of high potassium fertilizer during fruit expansion period and fruit hardcore stage increased the content of available potassium and total potassium in soil.The effect on content of organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus was better with two applications of high potassium fertilizer during budding and fruit hardcore stages.For the comprehensive index,the leaf quality,nut dry weight and fat content were increased most und

关 键 词：核桃 高钾 水溶肥 施肥时期 果实品质 土壤性状 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学] S153[农业科学—园艺学]