南方地区冬季促进甜樱桃落叶的方法探索  

Method of promoting sweet cherry defoliation in winter in southern China

作　　者：董军 洪莉[1] 李向男 陈令会 蒋林钫 DONG Jun;HONG Li;LI Xiangnan;CHEN Linghui;JIANG Linfang(Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linhai,Zhejiang,318000,China;Taizhou Vocational College of Science&Technology,Tai)

机构地区：[1]台州市农业科学研究院,浙江临海318000 [2]台州科技职业学院,浙江台州318020

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第5期135-141,145,共8页South China Fruits

基　　金：台州市科技计划项目(22nya14);2024区域试验站项目(2024QYGP08)资助。

摘　　要：以甜樱桃品种“红蜜”“早大果”“艳阳”为试验材料,通过叶面喷施尿素、乙烯利、脱落酸及其组合溶液,调查SPAD值、氮素、落叶率等指标,探索促进南方甜樱桃落叶的方法。结果发现,喷施质量分数5%尿素溶液、乙烯利800倍液、400 mg/L脱落酸、5%尿素+乙烯利800倍液、5%尿素+50~100 mg/L脱落酸均可有效促进甜樱桃落叶,且不会因叶片过快脱落导致树体损伤;5%尿素+40 mg/L脱落酸+乙烯利600~1200倍液是较适宜南方地区甜樱桃冬季落叶的优良落叶剂,喷施后可以在15 d内让落叶率达到90%。通过试验,探索出多种适宜南方地区甜樱桃冬季落叶的方法,根据不同年份气候条件选择适宜落叶方法,促进休眠,减少叶片不易脱落造成的养分耗损,为来年开花结果贮藏树体养分。The sweet cherry varieties Hongmi,Zaodaguo and Yanyang were used as experimental materials to investigate the SPAD value,nitrogen content and defoliation rate by spraying urea,ethephon,abscisic acid and their combined solutions,so as to explore the method for promoting the defoliation of southern sweet cherry leaves.The results showed that spraying 5% pure urea solution,800 times ethephon solution,400 mg/L abscisic acid solution,5% urea solution+800 times ethephon solution,5%urea solution+50-100 mg/L abscisic acid solution could effectively promote the leaf defoliation of sweet cherry,and would not cause tree damage due to rapid leaf defoliation.5% urea solution+40 mg/L abscisic acid solution+600-1,200 times ethephon solution was an excellent defoliant suitable for defoliation of sweet cherry leaf in winter in southern China.The defoliation rate could reach 90% within 15 days after spraying.Through experiments,a variety of suitable methods for defoliation of leaves of sweet cherry in winter in southern China were explored,and suitable defoliation methods were selected according to climatic conditions of different years to promote dormancy,reduce nutrient loss caused by difficult defoliation,and store the nutrients for the next year’s flowering and fruiting.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 落叶 尿素 乙烯利 脱落酸 南方地区 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]