氮磷钾配比施肥对君迁子幼树生长及生理生化特性的影响  

Effects of N,P and K proportional fertilization on growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Diospyros lotus L.saplings

作　　者：李双 张驰 檀苏红 耿晶晶 王文江[1,2] LI Shuang;ZHANG Chi;TAN Suhong;GENG Jingjing;WANG Wenjiang(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei,071000,China;Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province,Hebei Agricultural University/Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province/National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Northern Mountainous Areas,Baoding,Hebei,071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学河北省山区研究所/河北省山区农业技术创新中心/国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第5期146-152,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2022204197);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2021075);河北省经济林产业技术支撑体系项目(LC2022-09)资助。

摘　　要：君迁子Diospyros lotus是我国重要的经济树种之一,常用做柿D.kaki的砧木,本身也具有很高的经济价值。目前对于君迁子的施肥研究相对匮乏,管理比较盲目。为寻找适宜君迁子生长的施肥配方,以3年生君迁子幼树为试材进行土壤盆栽,采用L_(16)(4^(3))正交设计开展氮(N)磷(P)钾(K)三因素四水平(0水平为不施肥,1水平为2水平的0.5倍,2水平为常用施肥量,3水平为2水平的2倍)配比施肥试验,测定不同处理下幼树生长和生理生化指标。结果表明,氮磷钾不同配比施肥对君迁子幼树生长及生理生化指标的影响显著。对地上部生物量(干质量)的影响为K>P>N,以N_(2)P_(1)K_(3)处理最高(657.28 g)。对净光合速率影响为P>N>K,以N_(3)P_(0)K_(3)处理最高,较对照(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0))增加了44.76%。N_(3)P_(1)K_(2)处理的叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量达到最高值。叶片全氮含量在低氮水平(N_(1)P_(0)K_(1))出现最高值,全磷以N_(1)P_(3)K_(2)处理最高,全钾含量以N_(2)P_(1)K_(3)处理最高。针对12项生长和生理生化指标,采用模糊隶属函数法综合评价不同处理,得出效果最佳的处理为N_(3)P_(0)K_(3),即全年株施N 11.20 g、P_(2)O_(5)0.00 g、K_(2)O 8.56 g。Diospyros lotus L.is one of the important economic tree species in China with high economic value,often used as the rootstock of persimmon trees.At present,research on the fertilization of D.lotus L.is relatively scarce and the instructive management is not available.To seek the suitable fertilization formula,three-year-old young trees of D.lotus L.were used as test materials to conduct soil pot experiment.Based on L_(16)(4^(3))orthogonal design,the fertilization experiment with N-P-K three factors and four application levels was carried out to determine the growth and physicochemical indexes under different treatments.Level 0 was no-fertilization,level 1 was 0.5 times of Level 2 fertilization,level 2 was the normal fertilization,and level 3 was 2 times of level 2 fertilization.The results showed that N,P and K combined fertilization had significant effect on the growth and physicochemical indexes of D.lotus L.saplings.The effect on aboveground biomass was K>P>N,with the annual biomass yield of aboveground part reaching the highest value of 657.28 g in N_(2)P_(1)K_(3) treatment.The effect on net photosynthetic rate was P>N>K,with the highest value in N_(3)P_(0)K_(3) treatment,which was significantly higher than that of the control by 44.76%.The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in N_(3)P_(1)K_(2) treatment reached the highest.The total nitrogen content of leaves reached the highest value in low nitrogen level(N_(1)P_(0)K_(1)).The content of total phosphorus and total potassium reached the highest in N_(1)P_(3)K_(2) and N_(2)P_(1)K_(3) treatment,respectively.Based on 12 growth and physicochemical indexes,the effects of treatments were comprehensively evaluated by fuzzy membership function method.The results showed that the best treatment was N_(3)P_(0)K_(3),with annual application of N 11.20 g+P_(2)O_(5)0.00 g+K_(2)O 8.56 g per plant.

关 键 词：氮磷钾 配比施肥 君迁子幼树 生长 生理 

分 类 号：S665.3[农业科学—果树学]