不同苹果种质资源果实糖酸品质特征研究  

Study on fruit sugar and organic acid characteristics in different apple germplasm resources

作　　者：冯建文 栾北辰 韩秀梅 杨华 李顺雨 牛歆雨[2] 吴亚维[1] FENG Jianwen;LUAN Beichen;HAN Xiumei;YANG Hua;LI Shunyu;NIU Xinyu;WU Yawei(Fruit Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou,550006,China;Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi,Tibet,860000,China;Management Committee of Modern and Efficient Agriculture Industry Demonstration Park in Weining County,Bijie,Guizhou,553100,China;Weining County Special Economic Fruit Forest Development Center,Bijie,Guizhou,553100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院果树科学研究所,贵阳550006 [2]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [3]威宁彝族回族苗族自治县现代高效农业产业示范园区管理委员会,贵州毕节553100 [4]威宁彝族回族苗族自治县特色经果林产业发展中心,贵州毕节553100

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第5期169-177,共9页South China Fruits

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2020〕1Y025号);贵州山地特色果树种质资源库创新能力建设项目(黔科合服企[2021]8号)资助。

摘　　要：解析不同苹果品种果实糖酸组分及含量特点,筛选糖酸品质评价指标,可为苹果品种糖酸品质评价及优新品种选育提供参考。以引种至贵州省威宁彝族回族苗族自治县的6个已审定品种(华硕、蜜脆、美味、烟富8号、秦脆和秦蜜)和14个杂交优系共20个苹果品种(系)为材料,测定常规品质,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定果实糖酸组分及含量,利用相关性分析和主成分分析筛选糖酸品质评价指标,通过k均值聚类法对不同品种(系)进行聚类。结果表明,20个品种(系)的单果质量为139.68~352.50 g,其中,19-147的单果质量、纵横径最大,16-112的单果质量、纵径和去皮硬度最小。可溶性总糖含量范围为70.70~135.84 mg/g,果糖在可溶性总糖中占比的为46.38%~65.50%,蔗糖和葡萄糖含量低于果糖含量,山梨醇含量居后。苹果酸占总酸含量的59.03%以上,最高占比为80.67%,其他有机酸含量依次为琥珀酸、柠檬酸、草酸、奎宁酸和抗坏血酸。筛选出可溶性总糖、甜度值、苹果酸和甜酸比4项指标为苹果品种(系)糖酸品质评价指标。基于糖酸品质评价指标,将20个品种(系)聚类为高糖高酸、高糖低酸、低糖高酸和低糖低酸4类。Analyzing the composition of fruit sugar and acid,content characteristics of different apple varieties,and screening the evaluation index of sugar and acid quality can provide reference for evaluation of sugar and acid quality of apple varieties and breeding of excellent new varieties.Six approved apple varieties including Huashuo,Micui,Meiwei,Yanfu No.8,Qincui and Qinmi,and 14 cross bred superior varieties introduced in Weining County of Guizhou Province were used as materials to determine the normal quality and the components and contents of sugar and acid in fruits by HPLC,to screen the evaluation indicators of sugar and acid quality by correlation analysis and principal components analysis,and cluster the different varieties(lines)by K-mean clustering method.The results showed that the single fruit weight of the 20 varieties(lines)ranged from 139.68 g to 352.50 g.Among them,the single fruit weight and longitudinal and transverse diameters of 19-147 were the largest,and the single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter and peeled hardness of 16-112 were the smallest.The content of total soluble sugar ranged from 70.70 mg/g to 135.84 mg/g.The proportion of fructose in total soluble sugar was 46.38%-65.50%,and the contents of sucrose and glucose were lower than that of fructose,followed by sorbitol.Malic acid accounted for more than 59.03% of the total acid content,with the highest proportion of 80.67%,followed by succinic acid,citric acid,oxalic acid,quinic acid and ascorbic acid in turn.Four indicators,including total soluble sugar,sweetness value,malic acid and sweet sour ratio,were screened as the sugar and acid quality evaluation indicators of apple varieties(lines).Based on the sugar and acid quality evaluation indicators,the 20 varieties(lines)were clustered into four categories,including high sugar and high acid,high sugar and low acid,low sugar and high acid,and low sugar and low acid.

关 键 词：苹果 种质资源 糖酸组分 品质评价 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]