高原环境导致的中青年驾驶行为及驾驶绩效特征  

Characteristics of Driving Behavior and Performance Caused by Plateau Environment of Young and Middle-aged Drivers

作　　者：郭伟伟[1] 胡钰琴 谭墍元[1] 薛晴婉 GUO Weiwei;HU Yuqin;TAN Jiyuan;XUE Qingwan(Beijing Key Lab of Urban Intelligent Traffic Control Technology,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学城市道路交通智能控制技术北京市重点实验室,北京100144

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2024年第3期31-41,共11页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4300400);北京市青年拔尖人才项目(CIT&TCD201804006、CIT&TCD201904013)资助。

摘　　要：为了量化分析高原环境导致的驾驶行为特征差异,寻找驾驶绩效下降时间窗,运用驾驶模拟器和低氧发生器在平原地区模拟海拔3 900 m高原驾驶环境,开展驾驶模拟试验分别收集驾驶人在平原环境和模拟高原环境的驾驶行为数据和心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)信号数据。通过对比高原实车试验环境驾驶人的心率指标变化,运用雷达图、数值排序图和单因素方差分析方法对平原、高原环境下的驾驶行为特征进行对比分析,引入Jensen-Shannon散度(JS散度)量化2种环境下横向偏移距离、横向加速度、转向盘旋转率和速度这4个指标的概率密度拟合分布之间的差异,使用差分法确定高原环境下的驾驶绩效下降时间,验证了模拟高海拔环境驾驶模拟试验的有效性研究。结果表明:高原环境下横向偏移距离标准差、横向加速度标准差、转向盘旋转率标准差、速度标准差比平原环境下分别增加了0.094 3 m,0.119 0 m/s^(2),0.000 9°/s,0.651 3 km/h,车辆整体稳定性降低;借助JS散度发现横向偏移距离、横向加速度、转向盘旋转率和速度这4个指标在2种环境下的数值分布存在较大距离,分别为0.23,0.11,0.01,0.02,其中车辆的横向运动受负面影响更大;在进入海拔3 900 m的高原地区时,驾驶绩效约在6 min后显著下降。To analyze effects of a hypoxic environment on driving performance,a driving simulator experiment is conducted in this study.Both drivers'behavioral data and physiological data are collected by simulating a plateau scenario(3900 m).The driver behavior characteristics in the plateau scenario and plain scenario are analyzed using a radar map,a numerical ranking map,and one-way ANOVA.The probability density fitting distribution differences between the two scenarios for road offset,steering velocity,lateral acceleration,and speed are quantified using the Jensen-Shannon divergence.The difference method is employed to identify time windows when driving performance decreased in the plateau area.The validity of the simulated hypoxic driving environment is verified by comparing the heart rate trend of the pilot test data in the plateau.The results indicated that:①the standard deviation of road offset,lateral acceleration,steering velocity,and speed in the plateau scenario increase by 0.0943 m,0.1190 m/s^(2),0.0009°/s,and 0.6513 km/h,respectively,compared to the plain scenario;②the fitted probability density distribution differences between the plateau and plain scenarios for road offset,lateral acceleration,steering velocity,and speed are 0.23,0.11,0.01,and 0.02,respectively(thus,it could be inferred that vehicle lateral movement is more affected by the high-altitude factor);③driving performance decrease significantly after 6 minutes upon entering the plateau area at 3900 m altitude.

关 键 词：交通安全 高原缺氧环境 驾驶行为 JS散度 驾驶绩效 

分 类 号：U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]