栽培因子对狮山菜薹主要农艺性状和经济效益的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Factors on Major Agronomic Characters and Economic Benefit of Shishan Rapeseed

作　　者：胡新洲 何泉 安正云 张钟 李艳兰 刘坚坚 安建南 李祥 张迪 张娜 杨进成 HU Xin-zhou;HE Quan;AN Zheng-yun(Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100;Eshan Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company,Eshan,Yunnan 653200)

机构地区：[1]玉溪市农业科学院,云南玉溪653100 [2]玉溪市烟草公司峨山县分公司,云南峨山653200 [3]华宁县华溪镇农业农村综合服务中心,云南华宁652800 [4]通海县农业技术推广站,云南通海652700

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第19期22-25,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省烟草公司玉溪分公司科技计划项目“峨山县烟油协同绿色增效关键技术研究与示范”(yxyc2023027);云南省农业生产专项“玉溪市优质油菜单产提升技术示范”(ynnysc2023yx)。

摘　　要：为探索狮山菜薹的最佳播期、密度和施肥量组合,在玉溪适宜区域实现良种与良法配套应用。试验采用3因素3水平正交设计,2020—2022年连续两季研究最适宜的播种期、种植密度及尿素施用量及其对鲜薹、籽粒产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,3个栽培因子对鲜薹产量影响大小依次为播种期、密度、尿素施用量,对籽粒产量影响大小依次为密度、播种期、尿素施用量,各处理鲜薹、籽粒产量差异均达到显著水平;播种期对狮山菜薹的初采时间、采收天数、次数及生育期有显著影响,种植密度与薹粗、单薹鲜重、荚粒数及单株角果等呈负相关,而尿素施用量对生育期及农艺性状的影响不明显。狮山菜薹最佳栽培因子组合为播种期9月30日、密度6万株/hm^(2)、苗期尿素375 kg/hm^(2),该条件下鲜薹产量可达31 183.8 kg/hm^(2),籽粒产量1 888.75 kg/hm^(2),净收益16.52万元/hm^(2),产投比3.55,经济效益较高。To explore the optimal sowing date,planting density and fertilizer dosage of Shishan rapeseed,to realize the combination of good breeding and high yield cultivation techniques in the suitable area of Yuxi City.Using three-factor and three-level orthogonal test,we researched the optimal sowing date,planting density and fertilizer dosage of Shishan rapeseed in Yuxi City,as well as the effects of shoot,seed yield and economic benefit.The effects of three factors on shoot yield from big to small were in the order of sowing date,planting density,urea dosage;the effects of three factors on seed yield from big to small were in the order of planting density,sowing date,urea dosage,the shoot and seed yield difference of each treatment reached a significant level,sowing date had significant effects on the first picking time,harvesting days,times and growth period of Shishan rapeseed.Planting density was negatively correlated with shoot thickness,fresh weight per shoot,pod number and pods per plant.However,the effect of urea dosage amount on growth period and agronomic traits was not obvious.The optimal combination of cultivation factors for Shishan rapeseed were September 30 for planting date,60000 plants/hm^(2) for density,375 kg/hm^(2) for urea at seedling stage,the yield of fresh shoot could reach 31183.8 kg/hm^(2),seed yield could reach 1888.75 kg/hm^(2),the net income was 165200 yuan/hm^(2),output-input ratio was 3.55,and the economic benefits were relatively high.

关 键 词：狮山菜薹 播期 密度 施肥量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S634.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]