吐鲁番盆地平原区地下水水化学成因机制及灌溉适宜性  

Hydrogeochemical mechanism and irrigation suitability of groundwater in the plain area of Turpan Basin

作　　者：丁启振 周殷竹 周金龙[1,2,3] 孙英 韩双宝 姜凤[1,2,3] 刘金巍 DING Qi-zhen;ZHOU Yin-zhu;ZHOU Jin-long;SUN Ying;HAN Shuang-bao;JIANG Feng;LIN Jin-wei(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China;Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,China Geological Survey,Tianjin 300304,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,天津300304

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第10期5818-5829,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项“第三次新疆综合科学考察”项目“吐哈盆地水资源调查和承载力评估”(2021xjkk1000)。

摘　　要：在新疆吐鲁番盆地平原区共采集52组地下水水样和7组地表水水样,综合运用水化学法、氢氧稳定同位素、正演模型(FM)和因子分析等方法,定性-定量揭示了地下水溶质来源及水化学的影响因素,并进行灌溉水质评价.结果表明:北盆地浅层地下水属中性-弱碱性,而南盆地浅层地下水、深层地下水均呈弱碱性;优势阴、阳离子均分别为SO_(4)^(2-)和K^(+)+Na^(+).大气降水是研究区地下水的主要补给来源,与北盆地浅层地下水和南盆地深层地下水相比,南盆地部分浅层地下水受到一定的蒸发作用影响.地下水溶质来源主要受控于岩石风化作用,以蒸发盐岩为主;河流输入、人类活动和岩石风化分别对北盆地浅层地下水、南盆地浅层地下水及南盆地深层地下水溶质的相对贡献为(10.23%,1.25%,88.52%)、(10.72%,0.66%,88.62%)和(5.30%,0.44%,94.26%).吐鲁番盆地浅层地下水水化学主要受到溶滤-蒸发作用(54.31%)和农业活动-有机质含量(35.36%)的影响,而溶滤作用(58.96%)和环境(28.97%)2个因子为南盆地深层地下水水化学特征的主控因素.南盆地深层地下水基本适合灌溉,北盆地浅层地下水受高EC值以及南盆地浅层地下水受高EC值和高%Na的共同影响,导致部分地区不适合灌溉.In the plain area of Turpan Basin in Xinjiang,52 groundwater samples and 7surface water samples were collected for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the source of groundwater solute and the influencing factors of hydrochemistry and evaluation of irrigation water quality using the methods of hydrochemistry,hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes,forward model(FM)and factor analysis.Shallow groundwater in the northern Turpan Basin was neutral to weak alkaline,while shallow groundwater and deep groundwater in the southern Turpan Basin were weak alkaline,and that the dominant anions and cations were SO_(4)^(2-) and K^(+)+Na^(+),respectively;atmospheric precipitation was the main source of groundwater recharge in the study area.Compared with the shallow groundwater in the northern Turpan Basin and the deep groundwater in the southern Turpan Basin,part of the shallow groundwater in the southern Turpan Basin was affected by evaporation-concentration to a certain extent;the source of groundwater solute was mainly controlled by rock weathering,mainly evaporite rock.Relative contributions of river input,human activities and rock weathering to shallow groundwater in the northern Turpan Basin,shallow groundwater in the southern Turpan Basin and deep groundwater in the southern Turpan Basin were(10.23%,1.25%,88.52%),(10.72%,0.66%,88.62%)and(5.30%,0.44%,94.26%),respectively;the hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater in the southern and northern Turpan Basin was mainly affected by leaching-evaporation(54.31%)and agricultural activities-organic matter content(35.36%),while leaching(58.96%)and environmental condition(28.97%)were the main controlling factors of deep groundwater hydrochemistry in the southern Turpan Basin;deep groundwater in the southern Turpan Basin was generally suitable for irrigation.However,shallow groundwater in the northern Turpan Basin was affected by high EC and that in the southern Turpan Basin was affected by high EC and%Na,which were not suitable for irrigation in partial areas.

关 键 词：地下水 水化学成因 灌溉水质量 稳定同位素 正演模型 因子分析 吐鲁番盆地 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]