湿地植物假俭草和牛鞭草的解剖结构和组织化学特性研究  

Anatomical and histochemical features of the wetland plants Eremochloa ophiuroides and Hemarthria altissima

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作  者:秦格格 韩炼 何心雨 王玉生 任凡 陈兹舜 周存宇[1] 杨朝东[1] 谭德宝[3] 张霞[1] QIN Ge-ge;HAN Lian;HE Xin-yu;WANG Yu-sheng;REN Fan;CHEN Zi-shun;ZHOU Cun-yu;YANG Chao-dong;TAN De-bao;ZHANG Xia(Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Jingzhou Yangtze River Management Bureau,Jingzhou 434025,China;Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Minstry of Water Resources,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区:[1]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]荆州市长江河道管理局,湖北荆州434025 [3]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010

出  处:《草业学报》2024年第10期46-54,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基  金:长江水利委员会三峡后续项目(No.102126222020270019081,CKSG2023226/KJ);湖北省水利事业发展中心项目(20230174)资助。

摘  要:假俭草和牛鞭草是2种分布于江汉平原地区并能在旱生和水湿环境中生长的湿地植物,适应江汉平原地区的季节性洪水,在长江流域各种退化湿地和消落带的植被修复中耐水淹植物的筛选发挥重要作用。为探索假俭草和牛鞭草环境适应性结构(通气组织和质外体屏障结构)和解剖结构差异所体现的耐水淹能力倾向,研究了两个物种根、茎解剖结构与组织化学特性。运用植物解剖切片法、组织化学染色定位法,在显微镜下观察拍照,结果表明:1)假俭草和牛鞭草具有适应湿地环境的解剖结构特征,是典型的湿地植物。这些结构特征包括通气组织(茎部气腔和根部裂-溶生性通气组织)和质外体屏障(内皮层、外皮层、栓质化组织和角质层)等。假俭草和牛鞭草的不定根都具有内皮层和外皮层,其细胞壁上都有木栓质和木质素沉积。2)牛鞭草的茎具有栓质化和木质化周缘厚壁机械组织层和维管束鞘细胞以及髓腔;而假俭草的茎仅有木质化周缘厚壁机械组织层、厚壁机械组织环和维管束鞘细胞,以及髓腔和皮层气腔。牛鞭草匍匐茎和根状茎均具连续的栓质化周缘厚壁机械组织层和维管束鞘,而假俭草匍匐茎的周缘厚壁机械组织层仅木质化且是不连续的,从而推测牛鞭草比假俭草适应更高强度的淹没环境。Eremochloa ophiuroides and Hemarthria altissima are two wetland plants distributed in the Jianghan Plain area.These two species can survive in both terrestrial and wetland environments,and are able to adapt to seasonal floods in the Jianghan Plain.The selection of wetland plants and flooding-tolerant plants plays an important role in vegetation restoration in the various wetlands and drawdown zone in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.To explore the mechanisms of water resistance reflected by the differences in anatomy and in structures related to environmental adaptability(e.g.,the aerenchyma and apoplastic barrier)between E.ophiuroides and H.altissima,we studied the anatomical and histological features of the roots and stems of these two species.To explore aspects of anatomy,sections of various plant parts were prepared,subjected to histochemical staining,and observed and photographed under a microscope.The results indicate that:1)E.ophiuroides and H.altissima have anatomical structural characteristics that allow them to adapt to wetland environments and are typical wetland plants.These structural features include aerenchyma(stem air cavity and root schizo-lysogenic aerenchyma)and apoplastic barriers(endodermis,exodermis,suberization tissue,and cuticles).The roots of both E.ophiuroides and H.altissima have an endodermis and exodermis,as well as suberized and lignified secondary walls.2)The stem of H.altissima has a suberized and lignified peripheral mechanical ring and vascular bundle sheath,as well as a pith cavity.The stem of E.ophiuroides has a peripheral mechanical ring that is lignified but not suberized,a sclerenchyma ring and vascular bundle sheath cells,and a pith cavity and cortical aerenchyma.The stolons and rhizomes of H.altissima have a continuous suberized sclerenchyma ring,peripheral mechanical ring,and a vascular bundle sheath.The stolons of E.ophiuroides have a discontinuous lignified(but not suberized)peripheral mechanical ring.These findings indicate that H.altissima is better adapted to

关 键 词:湿地植物 假俭草 牛鞭草 解剖结构 通气组织 质外体屏障结构 

分 类 号:Q944.5[生物学—植物学]

 

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