烤烟-绿肥轮作对云南烟田土壤质量与微生物养分限制的影响  

Effects of rotation with a green manure crop on soil quality and microbial nutrient limitation in a tobacco field in Yunnan

作　　者：赵文军 刘蕊 王正旭 冯瑜 薛开政 刘魁 徐梓荷 曹卫东[5] 付利波[6] 尹梅[6] 陈华[6] ZHAO Wen-jun;LIU Rui;WANG Zheng-xu;FENG Yu;XUE Kai-zheng;LIU Kui;XU Zi-he;CAO Wei-dong;FU Li-bo;YIN Mei;CHEN Hua(Hongta Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd,Yuxi 653100,China;Raw Material Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co.,Ltd,Kunming 650000,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650000,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]红塔烟草集团有限责任公司,云南玉溪653100 [2]云南中烟工业有限责任公司原料中心,云南昆明650000 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [4]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650000 [5]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100081 [6]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第10期147-158,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：红塔集团科技项目《高原湖泊径流区优质烟叶生产高质量发展技术体系研究》(2022YL02)资助。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨烤烟轮作绿肥对烤烟产量、土壤质量和微生物养分限制的影响,为云南烟区筛选适宜与烤烟轮作的绿肥种类提供理论与技术支撑。于2017年布置田间定位试验,研究轮作绿肥对烤烟产量、土壤质量、养分循环相关水解酶活性和微生物养分限制的影响。试验设冬闲-烤烟(WF)、肥田萝卜-烤烟(RD)、光叶苕子-烤烟(SV)、黑麦草-烤烟(RG)4个处理。相比WF处理,2019年SV处理烟叶产量增加了6.8%,2022年RD和SV处理烟叶产量分别增加了6.4%和8.4%。2022年较2019年,各处理土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量增加,pH值、全磷含量降低。在2022年,相比WF处理,SV处理土壤全磷含量降低了22.9%,RG处理土壤有机质和速效钾含量增加了9.7%和73.6%,RD、SV和RG处理土壤硝态氮含量分别增加了97.1%、75.9%和26.0%、可溶性有机氮含量增加了228.8%、85.0%和96.7%。总体上,RD、RG处理土壤质量面积指数显著增加了27.0%和15.6%。相比WF处理,轮作绿肥处理碳(α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶)、氮(亮氨酸氨基肽酶)、磷(碱性磷酸酶)相关水解酶活性分别增加了48.8%~262.1%、59.3%~125.0%和312.0%~435.9%。轮作不同绿肥处理较WF处理降低了微生物碳限制,却增加了微生物磷限制。综上,轮作光叶苕子和肥田萝卜可增加烤烟产量、提高烟田土壤质量,是实现云南烟区清洁烟叶生产和可持续土壤管理的有效途径。We investigated the effects of rotating tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)with green manure crops,with an aim to provide theoretical and technical support for selecting suitable green manure for rotation systems in tobacco fields in Yunnan Province.The field experiment,which started in 2017,aimed to test the effects of green manure rotation on tobacco yield,soil quality,nutrient cycling-related enzyme activity,and microbial nutrient limitations in a tobacco field.The experiment consisted of four treatments,i.e.,winter fallow-tobacco rotation(WF),radish(Raphanus sativus)-tobacco rotation(RD),smooth vetch(Vicia villosa)-tobacco rotation(SV),and ryegrass(Lolium perenne)-tobacco rotation(RG).Compared with the WF treatment,the SV treatment increased tobacco yield by 6.8%in 2019;and the RD and SV treatments increased tobacco yield by 6.4%and 8.4%in 2022,respectively.Compared with 2019,in 2022,the soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)contents were increased,but the soil pH value and total phosphorus(TP)contents were decreased.In 2022,compared with the WF treatment,the SV treatment decreased the TP content by 22.9%,and the RG treatment increased the SOM and AK contents by 9.7%and 73.6%,respectively.Additionally,compared with the WF treatment,the RD,SV,and RG treatments increased soil nitrate-nitrogen contents by 97.1%,75.9%,and 26.0%,respectively,and increased the dissolved organic nitrogen contents by 228.8%,85.0%,and 96.7%,respectively.Overall,the soil quality area index was significantly higher in the RD and RG treatments(by 27.0%and 15.6%,respectively)than in the WF treatment.Compared with the WF treatment,the green manure rotation treatments significantly increased the activities of carbon metabolism-related enzymes(β-glucosidase,β-xylosidase,α-glucosidase)by 48.8%to 262.1%,the amount of the nitrogen-related compound L-leucine-7-amido-4-methyl coumarin by 59.3%to 125.0%,and the activity of a phosphorus-related enzyme(alkaline phosphatase)by 312.0%to 435.9%.Compare

关 键 词：烤烟-绿肥轮作 烟叶产量 土壤质量 酶化学计量比 微生物养分限制 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S158[农业科学—作物学]