EB病毒感染对儿童机体免疫应答影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Effect of Infection by the Epstein-Barr Virus on the Immune Response of Children

作　　者：张宇婧 郭旭冉 郑海涛[1,2] 刘玲玲[1,2] 张勇[1,2] 豆子莹 闫永彬 ZHANG Yujing;GUO Xuran;ZHENG Haitao;LIU Lingling;ZHANG Yong;DOU Ziying;YAN Yongbin(College of Pediatrics,Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Paediatric Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学儿科医学院,郑州450000 [2]河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿科医院,郑州450000

出　　处：《病毒学报》2024年第5期1159-1167,共9页Chinese Journal of Virology

基　　金：国家中医药管理局张仲景传承与创新专项(项目号:GZY-KJS-2022-037-2),题目:仲景热病学术渊源及丁樱国医大师法仲景辨治小儿热病研究;河南省特色骨干学科中医学学科建设项目(项目号:STG-ZYX02-202113),题目:儿童传染性单核细胞增多症的中医治疗优化方案的研究;河南中医药大学双一流创建工程项目(项目号:HSRP-DFCTCM-2023-2-16),题目:儿童传染性单核细胞增多症中医诊疗标准;河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(项目号:2018JDZX118),题目:儿童传染性单核细胞增多症中医文献评价及中西医结合诊疗方案优化研究。

摘　　要：EB病毒(Epstein-barr virus,EBV)感染在世界范围内常见,人群普遍易感,在我国主要影响学龄期儿童和青少年。多数儿童感染EB病毒后出现传染性单核细胞增多症,但仍有少部分患儿发展成严重的非肿瘤性疾病,如慢性活动性EBV感染和EB病毒相关噬血细胞性组织细胞增生症,预后不良,给患儿家长和社会带来沉重的负担。在原发性EB病毒感染后,机体产生强烈的免疫应答,固有免疫识别病毒后通过分泌细胞因子直接发挥抗EB病毒作用,细胞免疫通过减少病毒载量和消除感染细胞在控制感染中起关键作用。然而,该病毒可以逃逸机体免疫系统,以潜伏感染的形式贮存于记忆性B细胞中,使机体处于终身携带病毒状态,当机体免疫低下或功能障碍时,病毒可重新激活导致一系列严重疾病。目前,EB病毒感染对儿童机体免疫系统的影响尚未完全阐明,儿童EBV相关性疾病的免疫特征尚不明确。研究EB病毒引起的机体免疫应答,开发设计更有效的免疫学疗法和疫苗是亟待解决的紧迫问题。Infection by the Epstein-Barr virus is common worldwide. In China, the general population is susceptible, but the EBV mainly affects school-age children and adolescents. Most patients with EBV infection have infectious mononucleosis, but a small number of patients develop serious non-neoplastic diseases, such as chronic active EBV infection and hemophagocytic histiocytosis, which carry a poor prognosis and bring a heavy burden to patients and society. After primary infection with the EBV, the body produces a strong immune response. The innate immunity system recognizes the virus and exerts anti-EBV effects directly through the secretion of cytokines. Also, cellular immunity plays a key part in controlling infection by reducing the viral load and eliminating infected cells. However, the EBV can be stored in memory B cells as a form of latent infection.It can evade recognition of the immune system, leaving the body in a lifelong carrier state. If the body is immunocompromised or dysfunctional, the EBV can be reactivated to cause a series of serious diseases. The impact of EBV infection on the immune system has not been fully elucidated. The immune characteristics of EBV-related diseases are unclear, and further exploration is needed. Studying the immune response elicited by the EBV and developing more efficacious immunological therapies and vaccines are crucial approaches.

关 键 词：EB病毒感染 免疫应答 儿童 传染性单核细胞增多症 慢性活动性EB病毒感染 噬血细胞性组织细胞增生症 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]