化学学科中常见能量单位的历史演变  

Historical Evolution of Common Energyy Units in Chemistry

作　　者：潘清 何佳妮 蔡开聪[1,2] PAN Qing;HE Jia-Ni;CAI Kai-Cong(l.College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学化学与材料学院福建省先进材料化工基础重点实验室,福建福州350117 [2]厦门大学福建省理论与计算化学重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2024年第20期118-122,共5页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：中国化学会化学教育学科委员会基础教育“十四五”规划2022年度课题(HJ2022-0009)。

摘　　要：19世纪,随着近代科学的发展,英国物理学家麦克斯韦等人确立了CGS单位制,克劳修斯提出尔格作为能量单位;法国化学家克莱门提出了最早的卡路里单位,在早期热力学研究中得到广泛应用。1960年国际单位制确立,焦耳作为国际通用能量单位,广泛用于科研、工程和教学等领域。20世纪随着量子力学的发展,出现了电子伏特、哈特里等适用于描述微观尺度的能量单位。能量单位的演进展现了科学发展从宏观到微观的历程,反映了科学理论在实践中不断完善的本质。In the 19th century,the CGS unit was established by British physicist Maxwell et.al,and the unit of energy,erg,was proposed by Clausius;Additionally,the earliest calorie unit was proposed by French chemist Clement,and widely used in early thermodynamic research.The International System of Units was set in 1960,and joule was treated as common used international unit of energy,thus highly applied in scientific research,engineering,and teaching fields.With the development of quantum mechanics in the 20th century,electron volt and hartree units that suitable for microscopic scale description emerged.The evolution of the energy units shows the development of science from macro to micro scale,reflecting the nature of scientific theories are constantly progress in practice.

关 键 词：能量单位 发展历程 单位换算 

分 类 号：O6-0[理学—化学]